Description

The aim of the GENCODE Genes project (Harrow et al., 2006) is to produce a set of highly accurate annotations of evidence-based gene features on the human reference genome. This includes the identification of all protein-coding loci with associated alternative splice variants, non-coding with transcript evidence in the public databases (NCBI/EMBL/DDBJ) and pseudogenes. A high quality set of gene structures is necessary for many research studies such as comparative or evolutionary analyses, or for experimental design and interpretation of the results.

The GENCODE Genes tracks display the high-quality manual annotations merged with evidence-based automated annotations across the entire human genome. The GENCODE gene set presents a full merge between HAVANA manual annotation and Ensembl automatic annotation. Priority is given to the manually curated HAVANA annotation using predicted Ensembl annotations when there are no corresponding manual annotations. With each release, there is an increase in the number of annotations that have undergone manual curation. This annotation was carried out on the GRCm38 (mm10) genome assembly.

Experimental verification details are given in each descriptions for each track.

For more information on the different gene tracks, see our Genes FAQ.

Display Conventions

These are multi-view composite tracks that contain differing data sets (views). Instructions for configuring multi-view tracks are here. Only some subtracks are shown by default. The user can select which subtracks are displayed via the display controls on the track details pages. Further details on display conventions and data interpretation are available in the track descriptions.

Release Notes

GENCODE version M36 corresponds to Ensembl 113.

GENCODE version M35 corresponds to Ensembl 112.

GENCODE version M34 corresponds to Ensembl 111.

GENCODE version M33 corresponds to Ensembl 110.

GENCODE version M32 corresponds to Ensembl 109.

GENCODE version M31 corresponds to Ensembl 108.

GENCODE version M30 corresponds to Ensembl 107.

GENCODE version M29 corresponds to Ensembl 106.

GENCODE version M28 corresponds to Ensembl 105.

GENCODE version M27 corresponds to Ensembl 104.

GENCODE version M26 corresponds to Ensembl 103.

See also: The GENCODE Project Release History.

Credits

The GENCODE project is an international collaboration funded by NIH/NHGRI grant U41HG007234. More information is available at www.gencodegenes.org, Participating GENCODE institutions and personnel can be found here.

References

Frankish A, Diekhans M, Jungreis I, Lagarde J, Loveland JE, Mudge JM, Sisu C, Wright JC, Armstrong J, Barnes I et al. GENCODE 2021. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D916-D923. PMID: 33270111; PMC: PMC7778937; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1087

A full list of GENCODE publications are available at The GENCODE Project web site.

Data Release Policy

GENCODE data are available for use without restrictions.