◀ Back to MTOR
MTOR — RICTOR
Pathways - manually collected, often from reviews:
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
→
PKC alpha (PRKCA)
(regulation of protein stability, activates)
Ikenoue et al., EMBO J 2008
Evidence: mutant phenotype
-
NCI Pathway Database CXCR3-mediated signaling events:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-RICTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1)
→
AKT1 (AKT1)
(modification, activates)
Bonacchi et al., J Biol Chem 2001, Smit et al., Blood 2003
Evidence: assay
-
NCI Pathway Database Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-RICTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1)
→
AKT1 (AKT1)
(modification, activates)
Sarbassov et al., Science 2005, Frias et al., Curr Biol 2006, Jacinto et al., Cell 2006
Evidence: mutant phenotype, assay, physical interaction, other species
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
DEPTOR (DEPTOR)
→
mTORC2/DEPTOR complex (MTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1-DEPTOR-RICTOR-PRR5)
(modification, collaborate)
Huang et al., Mol Cell Biol 2008, Peterson et al., Cell 2009
Evidence: mutant phenotype, assay, physical interaction
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
DEPTOR (DEPTOR)
→
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
(modification, collaborate)
Huang et al., Mol Cell Biol 2008, Peterson et al., Cell 2009
Evidence: mutant phenotype, assay, physical interaction
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
mTORC2/DEPTOR complex (MTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1-DEPTOR-RICTOR-PRR5)
→
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
(modification, collaborate)
Huang et al., Mol Cell Biol 2008, Peterson et al., Cell 2009
Evidence: mutant phenotype, assay, physical interaction
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
mTORC2/DEPTOR complex (MTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1-DEPTOR-RICTOR-PRR5)
→
TSC1/TSC2 complex (TSC1-TSC2)
(modification, collaborate)
Huang et al., Mol Cell Biol 2008, Peterson et al., Cell 2009
Evidence: mutant phenotype, assay, physical interaction
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
RAC1/GTP complex (RAC1)
→
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
(regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization, collaborate)
Sarbassov et al., Curr Biol 2004, Jacinto et al., Nat Cell Biol 2004
Evidence: mutant phenotype
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
→
Paxillin (PXN)
(regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization, activates)
Sarbassov et al., Curr Biol 2004, Jacinto et al., Nat Cell Biol 2004
Evidence: mutant phenotype
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
→
RHOA/GTP complex (RHOA)
(regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization, activates)
Sarbassov et al., Curr Biol 2004, Jacinto et al., Nat Cell Biol 2004
Evidence: mutant phenotype
-
NCI Pathway Database CXCR4-mediated signaling events:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-RICTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1)
→
AKT1 (AKT1)
(modification, activates)
Sotsios et al., J Immunol 1999, Curnock et al., J Immunol 2003, Chen et al., Mol Biol Cell 2008
Evidence: assay
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
RICTOR (RICTOR)
→
mTORC2/DEPTOR complex (MTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1-DEPTOR-RICTOR-PRR5)
(modification, collaborate)
Fang et al., Science 2001, Toschi et al., Mol Cell Biol 2009
Evidence: mutant phenotype, physical interaction
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
RICTOR (RICTOR)
→
mTOR/GBL/SIN1/PROTOR1/DEPTOR complex (MTOR-MLST8-DEPTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
(modification, collaborate)
Fang et al., Science 2001, Toschi et al., Mol Cell Biol 2009
Evidence: mutant phenotype, physical interaction
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
mTORC2/DEPTOR complex (MTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1-DEPTOR-RICTOR-PRR5)
→
mTOR/GBL/SIN1/PROTOR1/DEPTOR complex (MTOR-MLST8-DEPTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
(modification, collaborate)
Fang et al., Science 2001, Toschi et al., Mol Cell Biol 2009
Evidence: mutant phenotype, physical interaction
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
→
PKC alpha (PRKCA)
(modification, activates)
Sarbassov et al., Curr Biol 2004, Guertin et al., Dev Cell 2006, Ikenoue et al., EMBO J 2008
Evidence: mutant phenotype
-
NCI Pathway Database ErbB1 downstream signaling:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-RICTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1)
→
AKT1 (AKT1)
(modification, activates)
Sarbassov et al., Science 2005, Cao et al., Science signaling 2009
Evidence: genetic interaction
-
NCI Pathway Database mTOR signaling pathway:
mTORC2 complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5)
→
AKT1 (AKT1)
(modification, activates)
Sarbassov et al., Science 2005, Frias et al., Curr Biol 2006, Jacinto et al., Cell 2006, Yang et al., Genes Dev 2006, Guertin et al., Dev Cell 2006, Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007, Woo et al., J Biol Chem 2007, Huang et al., Mol Cell Biol 2008, Ikenoue et al., EMBO J 2008
Evidence: mutant phenotype, assay, physical interaction
-
Reactome Reaction:
MTOR
→
RICTOR
(direct_complex)
-
WikiPathways Angiopoietin Like Protein 8 Regulatory Pathway:
AKT1/AKT2
→
Complex of MTOR-MAPKAP1-RICTOR-MLST8
(activation)
-
WikiPathways Angiopoietin Like Protein 8 Regulatory Pathway:
RICTOR
→
Complex of MAPKAP1-RICTOR-MTOR-MLST8
(activation)
Chen et al., Dev Cell 2010*
-
WikiPathways PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and therapeutic opportunities:
Complex of MTOR-RICTOR
→
AKT1
(activation)
-
WikiPathways Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) Signaling:
Complex of MLST8-MTOR-MAPKAP1-RICTOR
→
RAC1
(activation)
-
WikiPathways Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) Signaling:
Complex of MLST8-MTOR-MAPKAP1-RICTOR
→
PRKCA
(activation)
-
WikiPathways Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) Signaling:
Complex of MLST8-MTOR-MAPKAP1-RICTOR
→
AKT1
(activation)
Protein-Protein interactions - manually collected from original source literature:
Studies that report less than 10 interactions are marked with *
-
IRef Bind Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
Sarbassov et al., Science 2005
-
IRef Bind Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
Jacinto et al., Nat Cell Biol 2004
-
IRef Bind Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR
Jacinto et al., Nat Cell Biol 2004
-
IRef Bind_translation Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(coimmunoprecipitation)
Sarbassov et al., Science 2005
-
IRef Bind_translation Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(experimental interaction detection)
Jacinto et al., Nat Cell Biol 2004
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Rosner et al., Amino Acids 2010*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(colocalization, biochemical)
Yang et al., Genes Dev 2006
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Jacinto et al., Cell 2006
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Koike-Kumagai et al., EMBO J 2009*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Hussain et al., Mol Cell Biol 2013*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Woods et al., Science signaling 2012
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Peterson et al., Cell 2009
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Ramírez-Rangel et al., Mol Cell Biol 2011*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Hernández-Negrete et al., J Biol Chem 2007*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Su et al., FEBS Lett 2009*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Martin et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(direct interaction, two hybrid)
Martin et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Jacinto et al., Nat Cell Biol 2004
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Frias et al., Curr Biol 2006
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Yang et al., Genes Dev 2006
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Sarbassov et al., J Biol Chem 2005*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Kaizuka et al., J Biol Chem 2010
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Sarbassov et al., Curr Biol 2004
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Oh et al., EMBO J 2010
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Agrawal et al., J Biol Chem 2012
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Guo et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Sarbassov et al., Mol Cell 2006*
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Sancak et al., Mol Cell 2007
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Murata et al., J Biol Chem 2011
-
IRef Biogrid Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, affinity chromatography technology)
Ikenoue et al., EMBO J 2008
-
MIPS CORUM mTOR-RICTOR complex:
mTOR-RICTOR complex complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR)
Sarbassov et al., Curr Biol 2004
-
MIPS CORUM mTORC2 complex (mTOR/FRAP1, LST8, mAVO3/RICTOR):
mTORC2 complex (mTOR/FRAP1, LST8, mAVO3/RICTOR) complex (MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR)
Jacinto et al., Nat Cell Biol 2004
-
MIPS CORUM mTORC2 complex (mTOR/FRAP1, LST8, mAVO3/RICTOR, SIN1):
mTORC2 complex (mTOR/FRAP1, LST8, mAVO3/RICTOR, SIN1) complex (MTOR-MLST8-MAPKAP1-RICTOR)
Yang et al., Genes Dev 2006
-
IRef Corum Interaction:
Complex of MLST8-RICTOR-MTOR-MTOR-RICTOR-MLST8
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Sarbassov et al., Curr Biol 2004
-
IRef Dip Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Zhang et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012*
-
IRef Hprd Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(in vivo)
Sarbassov et al., Science 2005, Hresko et al., J Biol Chem 2005*, Sarbassov et al., Mol Cell 2006*
-
IRef Hprd Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(in vitro)
Sarbassov et al., Science 2005, Hresko et al., J Biol Chem 2005*, Sarbassov et al., Mol Cell 2006*
-
IRef Hprd Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-GNB1L-RICTOR-RICTOR-GNB1L-MTOR-GNB1L-MTOR-RICTOR
(in vivo)
Sarbassov et al., Curr Biol 2004
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
RICTOR
—
MTOR
(physical association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
McDonald et al., Cancer Res 2008*
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of 13 proteins
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Zinzalla et al., Cell 2011
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of 27 proteins
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of RPL26-MAPKAP1-RICTOR-RPS6-MTOR-RPL23A
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Oh et al., EMBO J 2010
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MAPKAP1-RPS6-MTOR-RICTOR-RPL23A
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Oh et al., EMBO J 2010
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MAPKAP1-MTOR-RPTOR-RICTOR
(colocalization, cosedimentation through density gradient)
Oh et al., EMBO J 2010
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-ETV7-RICTOR
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Kamano et al., FEBS Lett 2013*
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-MAPKAP1-STK38-RICTOR-RPTOR
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Koike-Kumagai et al., EMBO J 2009*
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of 13 proteins
(association, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation)
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-RPL7-RPL26-RICTOR-RPS16-MAPKAP1
(colocalization, cosedimentation through density gradient)
Zinzalla et al., Cell 2011
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of RPL7-MTOR-RICTOR-RPS16-RPL26
(colocalization, cosedimentation through density gradient)
Zinzalla et al., Cell 2011
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of PRR5-MTOR-YWHAE-YWHAB-HSPA1A-MLST8-RICTOR
(association, tandem affinity purification)
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of RPTOR-MAPKAP1-MTOR-MLST8-PRR5-RICTOR
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-ILK-RICTOR-RICTOR-ILK-MTOR
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
McDonald et al., Cancer Res 2008*
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MAPKAP1-STK38-STK38-RICTOR-MTOR-MAPKAP1-RICTOR-MTOR
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Koike-Kumagai et al., EMBO J 2009*
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-RICTOR-RPL26
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Zinzalla et al., Cell 2011
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of RPL7-MTOR-MAPKAP1-RICTOR-RPL26
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Zinzalla et al., Cell 2011
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of 41 proteins
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of RICTOR-PRR5-MTOR-MAPKAP1-MLST8
(association, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation)
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-MLST8-RICTOR-MAPKAP1-PRR5L
(association, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation)
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2007
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-RICTOR-PREX1
(association, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation)
Hernández-Negrete et al., J Biol Chem 2007*
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of MTOR-RPL17-RPL26-RICTOR-RPS16
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Zinzalla et al., Cell 2011
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of DEPTOR-MTOR-DEPTOR-RICTOR-MTOR-RICTOR
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Peterson et al., Cell 2009
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of 17 proteins
(physical association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Peterson et al., Cell 2009
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of RICTOR-MTOR-MAPKAP1-MTOR-RICTOR-MAPKAP1
(association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation)
Ikenoue et al., EMBO J 2008
-
IRef Intact Interaction:
Complex of 25 proteins
(colocalization, cosedimentation through density gradient)
Zinzalla et al., Cell 2011
Text-mined interactions from Literome
Audhya et al., EMBO J 2004
:
Consistent with these findings, phosphorylation of
Slm1 and Slm2 was
dependent on
TORC2 protein kinase activity, both in vivo and in vitro, and Slm1 localization required both PI4,5P ( 2 ) and functional TORC2 ... Consistent with these findings, phosphorylation of Slm1 and
Slm2 was
dependent on
TORC2 protein kinase activity, both in vivo and in vitro, and Slm1 localization required both PI4,5P ( 2 ) and functional TORC2
Canettieri et al., Cell Metab 2005
:
Dual
role of the coactivator
TORC2 in modulating hepatic glucose output and
insulin signaling ... Here, we show that, in parallel with their effects on glucose output, CREB and
TORC2 also
enhance insulin signaling in liver by stimulating expression of the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) gene
Sarbassov et al., Mol Cell 2006
:
mTORC2 phosphorylates and
activates Akt/PKB , a key regulator of cell survival ...
mTORC2 phosphorylates and
activates Akt/PKB , a key regulator of cell survival
Yang et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006
:
We also observed that
Rheb does not
activate TORC2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, although it potently stimulates TORC1
Ohmae et al., J Biol Chem 2006
:
Although these were previously shown to activate Ca ( 2+ ) /cAMP-response element binding protein ( CREB ) -dependent transcription, we here show that CL1 and CL2 were unable to significantly phosphorylate CREB Ser-133 and rather inhibited CRE dependent gene expression by a dominant mechanism that bypassed
CREB and was
mediated by phosphorylated
TORC2
Guertin et al., Dev Cell 2006
:
Thus, mTORC1 function is essential in early development,
mLST8 is
required only for
mTORC2 signaling, and mTORC2 is a necessary component of the Akt-FOXO and PKCalpha pathways
Zeng et al., Blood 2007
(Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute) :
Rapamycin derivatives reduce
mTORC2 signaling and
inhibit AKT activation in AML
Hietakangas et al., Genes Dev 2007
:
Here we analyze the role of
TORC2 mediated
AKT phosphorylation in Drosophila
Kuraishy et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007
(Cell Transformation, Neoplastic) :
Here we show that the CREB coactivator
TORC2 directly
regulates TCL1 expression independent of CREB Ser-133 phosphorylation and CBP/p300 recruitment
Woo et al., J Biol Chem 2007
(Breast Neoplasms...) :
Despite no significant effect of PRR5 on
mTORC2 mediated
Akt phosphorylation, PRR5 silencing inhibits Akt and S6K1 phosphorylation and reduces cell proliferation rates, a result consistent with PRR5 roles in cell growth and tumorigenesis
Dentin et al., Nature 2007
(Diabetes Mellitus) :
Insulin disrupts
TORC2 activity by induction of the Ser/Thr kinase SIK2, which we show here undergoes AKT2 mediated phosphorylation at Ser 358 ... Activated
SIK2 in turn
stimulated the Ser 171 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of
TORC2
Kumar et al., Mol Cell Biol 2008
:
Since little is known about the
role of either rictor or
mTORC2 in
PI-3 kinase mediated physiological processes in adult animals, we generated muscle-specific rictor knockout mice
Amelio et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007
:
Furthermore,
TORC2 and NONO complex on cAMP-responsive promoters, and
NONO acts as a bridge between the CREB/TORC complex and RNA polymerase II
Kim et al., Mol Cell Biol 2008
:
Subsequent studies established that
GIP increased the nuclear localization of
TORC2 and phosphorylation of CREB serine 133 through a pathway involving PKA activation and reduced AMPK phosphorylation ... The antiapoptotic effect of GIP in beta cells is therefore partially mediated through a novel mode of transcriptional regulation of Bcl-2 involving
cAMP/PKA/AMPK dependent regulation of
CREB/TORC2 activity ... The antiapoptotic effect of GIP in beta cells is therefore partially mediated through a novel mode of transcriptional regulation of Bcl-2 involving
cAMP/PKA/AMPK dependent regulation of
CREB/TORC2 activity
Masri et al., Cancer Res 2007
(Brain Neoplasms...) :
mTORC2 has recently been shown to phosphorylate and
activate Akt
Dickson et al., J Lipid Res 2008
(Inflammation) :
Advances in understanding how the de novo synthesis of ceramide and complex sphingolipids is regulated have been made, and they demonstrate that the
Target Of Rapamycin Complex 2 (TORC2) controls
ceramide synthase activity ... The activity of
Slm1 and Slm2 has also been shown to be
regulated during heat stress by phosphoinositides and
TORC2 , along with sphingoid long-chain bases and the Pkh1 and Pkh2 protein kinases, to control the actin cytoskeleton, the trafficking of nutrient transporters, and cell viability ... The activity of Slm1 and
Slm2 has also been shown to be
regulated during heat stress by phosphoinositides and
TORC2 , along with sphingoid long-chain bases and the Pkh1 and Pkh2 protein kinases, to control the actin cytoskeleton, the trafficking of nutrient transporters, and cell viability
Huang et al., Mol Cell Biol 2008
:
However, how
mTORC2 is regulated and whether the
TSC1-TSC2 complex is
involved are unknown ... Our data also suggest that the
TSC1-TSC2 complex positively
regulates mTORC2 in a manner independent of its GTPase activating protein activity toward Rheb ... These data demonstrate that the
TSC1-TSC2 complex inhibits mTORC1 and
activates mTORC2 , which through different mechanisms promotes Akt activation
Kamimura et al., Curr Biol 2008
:
Here, we outline a PIP ( 3 ) -independent pathway linking temporal and spatial
activation of
PKBs by
Tor complex 2 (TorC2) to the chemotactic response
Wang et al., Oncogene 2008
(Prostatic Neoplasms) :
Inhibition of both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 by rapamycin induced apoptosis, whereas rapamycin-stimulation of AR transcriptional activity
resulted from the inhibition of mTORC1, but not
mTORC2 ... Inhibition of both
mTORC1 and mTORC2 by rapamycin induced apoptosis, whereas rapamycin-stimulation of AR transcriptional activity
resulted from the inhibition of mTORC1, but not
mTORC2 ... Inhibition of both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 by rapamycin induced apoptosis, whereas rapamycin-stimulation of AR transcriptional activity
resulted from the inhibition of
mTORC1 , but not mTORC2
Wang et al., Cancer Res 2008
(Lung Neoplasms) :
The present work focused on addressing the
role of
mTOR/rictor in
mTOR inhibitor induced Akt activation and the effect of sustained Akt activation on mTOR targeted cancer therapy
Lishner et al., Cell Signal 2008
(Multiple Myeloma) :
Herein we demonstrate that the anti-myeloma
effect of
CD81/CD82 involves a down-regulation of Akt, activation of FoxO transcription factors and a decrease in active mTOR and
mTOR/rictor ... Herein we demonstrate that the anti-myeloma
effect of
CD81/CD82 involves a down-regulation of Akt, activation of FoxO transcription factors and a decrease in active mTOR and
mTOR/rictor
Hietakangas et al., BMC cancer 2008
(Breast Neoplasms...) :
TOR complex 2 (TORC2) activates
AKT by phosphorylating it on the ` hydrophobic motif ' site
Partovian et al., Mol Cell 2008
:
Reduced
mTORC2 activity in S4 ( -/- ) endothelial cells
results in decreased
FoxO1/3a and eNOS phosphorylation, decreased endothelial cell size, and increased arterial blood pressure in S4 ( -/- ) mice ... Reduced
mTORC2 activity in S4 ( -/- ) endothelial cells
results in decreased FoxO1/3a and
eNOS phosphorylation, decreased endothelial cell size, and increased arterial blood pressure in S4 ( -/- ) mice
Toschi et al., J Biol Chem 2008
:
These data indicate that although HIF1 alpha is dependent on both mTORC1 and mTORC2,
HIF2 alpha is
dependent only on
mTORC2 ... These data indicate that although
HIF1 alpha is
dependent on both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 , HIF2 alpha is dependent only on mTORC2
Dormond et al., J Immunol 2008
(Inflammation...) :
CD40 induced signaling in human endothelial cells
results in
mTORC2- and Akt dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro and in vivo
Bentzinger et al., Cell Metab 2008
(Muscular Dystrophies) :
Finally, we show that activation of
PKB/Akt does not
require mTORC2 ... Finally, we show that activation of
PKB/Akt does not
require mTORC2
Rahimi et al., Cancer Res 2009
:
mTORC2 promotes TGF-beta induced morphologic transformation and is
required for TGF-beta induced Akt S473 phosphorylation but not
mTORC1 activation
Werzowa et al., Br J Dermatol 2009
(Melanoma...) :
Inhibition of
mTORC2 led to reduced levels of phosphorylated
AKT
Balasubramanian et al., Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2009
(Cardiomegaly) :
mTORC2 regulates the actin cytoskeleton in addition to activating
Akt ( Protein kinase B ) for the subsequent removal of proapoptotic factors via the UPS for cell survival
Ryu et al., Cell Metab 2009
(Glucose Intolerance...) :
TORC2 regulates hepatic
insulin signaling via a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase, LIPIN1
Jones et al., PLoS Biol 2009
:
These findings identify new physiological roles for
TORC2 ,
mediated by
SGK , in regulation of C. elegans lipid accumulation and growth, and they challenge the notion that AKT is the primary effector of TORC2 function
Lodeiro et al., PloS one 2009
:
This beta-arrestin scaffolded complex leads to full
activation of
Akt through PDK1 and
mTORC2 , which are not associated to the complex
Wang et al., Science signaling 2009
(Cardiovascular Diseases...) :
Rapamycin treatment of diet induced obese mice or of transgenic mice with long-term activation of endothelial
Akt inhibits
activation of mammalian target of rapamycin
(mTOR)-rictor complex 2 and Akt, prevents vascular senescence without altering body weight, and reduces the severity of limb necrosis and ischemic stroke
Bozulic et al., Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009
(Neoplasms) :
This present review concerns
PKB regulation by
mTORC2 and DNA-PK in a stimulus dependent and context dependent manner and the possible implications of this for PKB activity, substrate specificity and therapeutic intervention
Peterson et al., Cell 2009
(Multiple Myeloma) :
Loss of
DEPTOR activates S6K1, Akt, and SGK1, promotes cell growth and survival, and
activates mTORC1 and
mTORC2 kinase activities
Cybulski et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009
(Fatty Liver) :
mTORC2 , which consists of rictor, mSIN1, mLST8, and mTOR, is
activated by
insulin/IGF1 and phosphorylates Ser-473 in the hydrophobic motif of Akt/PKB ...
mTORC2 , which consists of rictor, mSIN1, mLST8, and mTOR, is
activated by
insulin/IGF1 and phosphorylates Ser-473 in the hydrophobic motif of Akt/PKB
Wang et al., J Biol Chem 2009
:
Inhibition of mTORC1 or mTORC2 by transiently or moderately activated MEK/ERK caused moderately enhanced Beclin 1 resulting in cytoprotective autophagy, whereas inhibition of both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 by sustained MEK/ERK activation
caused strongly pronounced
Beclin 1 leading to cytodestructive autophagy
Zhang et al., PloS one 2009
:
Loss of function of the TSC1-TSC2 complex results in constitutive mTORC1 signaling and, through
mTORC1 dependent feedback mechanisms and loss of
mTORC2 activity, leads to a concomitant block of Akt signaling to its other downstream targets
Huang et al., Cancer Res 2009
(Angiomyolipoma...) :
We also show that the
TSC1-TSC2 complex can directly
stimulate the in vitro kinase activity of
mTORC2
Dibble et al., Mol Cell Biol 2009
:
Although this phosphorylation event does not affect mTORC2 integrity or in vitro kinase activity, expression of a phosphorylation site mutant of Rictor ( T1135A ) in either wild-type or Rictor null cells causes an increase in the
mTORC2 dependent phosphorylation of
Akt on S473 ... However, Rictor-T1135 phosphorylation does not appear to regulate
mTORC2 mediated effects on
SGK1 or PKC alpha ... However, Rictor-T1135 phosphorylation does not appear to regulate
mTORC2 mediated effects on SGK1 or
PKC alpha
Boletta et al., PathoGenetics 2009
:
The
mTORC1 complex regulates cell growth ( size ), proliferation, translation and autophagy, and
mTORC2 regulates the actin cytoskeleton and apoptosis
Koike-Kumagai et al., EMBO J 2009
:
Moreover,
TORC2 is
essential for
Trc phosphorylation on a residue that is critical for Trc activity in vivo and in vitro
Treins et al., Oncogene 2010
:
Rictor phosphorylation at Thr1135 does not
lead to major changes in
mTORC2-kinase activity
Gurusamy et al., Cardiovasc Res 2010
:
Although resveratrol attenuated the activation of
mTOR complex 1, low-dose resveratrol significantly
induced the expression of
Rictor , a component of mTOR complex 2, and activated its downstream survival kinase Akt ( Ser 473 )
Julien et al., Mol Cell Biol 2010
:
While mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates mRNA translation and ribosome biogenesis,
mTORC2 plays an important role in the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of
Akt ... We found that
Rictor phosphorylation
requires mTORC1 activity and, more specifically, the p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 ( S6K1 ) ... However, cells expressing a Rictor T1135A mutant were found to have increased
mTORC2 dependent phosphorylation of
Akt ... In addition, phosphorylation of the Akt substrates FoxO1/3a and glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta ( GSK3 alpha/beta ) was found to be increased in these cells, indicating that S6K1 mediated phosphorylation of
Rictor inhibits
mTORC2 and Akt signaling
Kim et al., J Biol Chem 2010
(Breast Neoplasms...) :
In contrast,
API-1 had no effects on the activities of the upstream Akt activators, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol dependent kinase-1, and
mTORC2
Yu et al., Cancer Res 2010
(Neoplasms) :
Importantly, consistent with genetic ablation of mTORC2, WYE-132 targeted P-AKT ( S473 ) and AKT function without significantly reducing the steady-state level of the PI3K/PDK1 activity biomarker P-AKT ( T308 ), highlighting a prominent and direct
regulation of
AKT by
mTORC2 in cancer cells
Yang et al., Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 2010
(Neoplasms) :
Akt activity is well-known
regulated through its phosphorylation at T308 and S473 by PDK1 and
mTOrC2 , respectively
Liao et al., J Cell Sci 2010
:
Chemotactic activation of Dictyostelium AGC-family kinases
AKT and PKBR1
requires separate but coordinated functions of PDK1 and
TORC2
Kumar et al., Diabetes 2010
:
To determine the physiological
role of
rictor/mTORC2 in
insulin signaling and action in fat cells, we developed fat cell-specific rictor knockout ( FRic ( -/- ) ) mice
Sini et al., Autophagy 2010
(Neoplasms) :
mTORC2 activates
AKT directly by phosphorylating Serine 473
Lyo et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010
(Kidney Neoplasms) :
We report here that the PLD/mTOR dependent stabilization of
HDM2 involves
mTORC2 and the AGC family kinase serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 ( SGK1 )
Boulbes et al., Mol Cancer Res 2010
(Cell Transformation, Neoplastic) :
Rictor phosphorylation on the Thr-1135 site does not
require mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2
Chen et al., Mol Carcinog 2010
(Neoplasms) :
In this report, we focused on studying the
role of mTORC1 and
mTORC2 in rapamycin mediated Akt and
ERK phosphorylation, and the antitumor effect of rapamycin in cancer cells in combination with Akt and ERK inhibitors ... In this report, we focused on studying the
role of mTORC1 and
mTORC2 in rapamycin mediated
Akt and ERK phosphorylation, and the antitumor effect of rapamycin in cancer cells in combination with Akt and ERK inhibitors ... Collectively, we conclude that
mTORC2 plays a much more important role than mTORC1 in rapamycin mediated phosphorylation of Akt and
ERK , and cotargeting AKT and ERK signaling may be a new strategy for enhancing the efficacy of rapamycin based therapeutic approaches in cancer cells ... Collectively, we conclude that
mTORC2 plays a much more important role than mTORC1 in rapamycin mediated phosphorylation of
Akt and ERK, and cotargeting AKT and ERK signaling may be a new strategy for enhancing the efficacy of rapamycin based therapeutic approaches in cancer cells
Cleveland-Donovan et al., Endocrinology 2010
(Obesity) :
The mammalian target of rapamycin
(mTOR)-Rictor complex regulates phosphorylation of
AKT-serine ( 473 ) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but knockdown of Rictor by lentivirus delivered short hairpin RNA in sc preadipocytes did not affect AKT-serine ( 473 ) phosphorylation by IGF-I
Lee et al., Immunity 2010
:
mTORC2 promoted phosphorylation of
protein kinase B ( PKB, or Akt ) and PKC, Akt activity, and nuclear NF-kappaB transcription factors in response to T cell activation
Kim et al., J Lipid Res 2010
:
GIP induced phospho-CREB and
TORC2 were shown to bind to a cAMP-response element ( -II ) site in the human LPL promoter and GIP increased protein-protein interactions of these two factors ... The lipogenic effects of GIP in the presence of insulin are therefore at least partially mediated by upregulation of adipocyte LPL gene transcription through a pathway involving
PI3-K/PKB/AMPK dependent
CREB/TORC2 activation ... The lipogenic effects of GIP in the presence of insulin are therefore at least partially mediated by upregulation of adipocyte LPL gene transcription through a pathway involving
PI3-K/PKB/AMPK dependent
CREB/TORC2 activation ... The lipogenic effects of GIP in the presence of insulin are therefore at least partially mediated by upregulation of adipocyte LPL gene transcription through a pathway involving
PI3-K/PKB/AMPK dependent
CREB/TORC2 activation
Lazorchak et al., Mol Cell 2010
:
We further show that Akt2 specifically mediates the
Sin1-mTORC2 dependent suppression of
il7r and rag gene expression in B cells by regulating FoxO1 phosphorylation
Mansley et al., Br J Pharmacol 2010
:
TORC2 , but not TORC1, is also
involved in glucocorticoid induced
SGK1 activation but its role is permissive
Vu et al., Clin Cancer Res 2010
(Leukemia...) :
The majority of preclinical and clinical efforts to target TOR have involved using rapamycin and its analogs ( rapalogs ), which suppress
TORC1 only partially and do not acutely
inhibit TORC2
Lee et al., Genes Dev 2010
:
Collectively, these findings establish
mTOR/rictor mediated
Akt activation as a key driver of NSC proliferation and gliogenesis, and identify a unique mechanism for conferring brain region-specific responses to cancer causing genetic changes
Phu et al., Cell Signal 2011
:
Overexpressed
DLK induced the phosphorylation of
TORC2 and TORC1 on Ser-171 and 167, respectively and on additional residues
Kuehn et al., J Biol Chem 2011
:
In mouse bone marrow derived mast cells, PGE ( 2 ) was found to induce activation of mTORC1 ( mTOR complexed to raptor ) as indicated by increased p70S6K and
4E-BP1 phosphorylation, and
activation of
mTORC2 ( mTOR complexed to rictor ), as indicated by increased phosphorylation of AKT at position Ser ( 473 ) ... In mouse bone marrow derived mast cells, PGE ( 2 ) was found to induce activation of mTORC1 ( mTOR complexed to raptor ) as indicated by increased
p70S6K and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, and
activation of
mTORC2 ( mTOR complexed to rictor ), as indicated by increased phosphorylation of AKT at position Ser ( 473 )
Tatebe et al., Curr Biol 2010
:
Human Rab6 can substitute Ryh1 in S. pombe, and therefore
Rab6 may be a potential
activator of
TORC2 in mammals
Liu et al., J Neuroendocrinol 2011
:
The demonstration that TORC2 translocates to the nucleus of hypothalamic CRH neurones and interacts with the CRH promoter in conjunction with the activation of CRH transcription during restraint stress, provides strong evidence for the
involvement of
TORC2 in the physiological regulation of
CRH transcription
Dunaway et al., Mol Cell Biol 2011
:
Slit2 stimulates angiogenesis through
mTORC2 dependent activation of
Akt and Rac GTPase, the activities of which are inhibited in the presence of ephrin-A1 ... Slit2 stimulates angiogenesis through
mTORC2 dependent
activation of Akt and
Rac GTPase, the activities of which are inhibited in the presence of ephrin-A1
Murata et al., J Biol Chem 2011
(Neuroblastoma...) :
A new cytosolic pathway from a Parkinson disease associated kinase, BRPK/PINK1 :
activation of
AKT via
mTORC2
Shen et al., International journal of clinical and experimental pathology 2010
(Carcinoma, Endometrioid...) :
mTORC1 and
mTORC2 phosphorylatively
regulate their respective downstream effectors
p70S6K/4EBP1 , and Akt ... mTORC1 and
mTORC2 phosphorylatively
regulate their respective downstream effectors
p70S6K/4EBP1 , and Akt ... mTORC1 and
mTORC2 phosphorylatively
regulate their respective downstream effectors
p70S6K/4EBP1 , and Akt
Chong et al., Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2010
(Neurodegenerative Diseases) :
The function of
mTOR signaling is
mediated primarily through two mTOR complexes : mTORC1 and
mTORC2
Harston et al., Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011
(Hypertrophy) :
Another molecular keystone involved in the hypertrophic growth process is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which forms two distinct functional complexes :
mTORC1 that activates p70S6 kinase-1 to
enhance protein synthesis and
mTORC2 that activates Akt to promote cell survival ... Another molecular keystone involved in the hypertrophic growth process is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which forms two distinct functional complexes : mTORC1 that activates p70S6 kinase-1 to enhance protein synthesis and
mTORC2 that
activates Akt to promote cell survival
Pearce et al., Biochem J 2011
:
Both complexes phosphorylate the hydrophobic motifs of AGC kinase family members : mTORC1 phosphorylates S6K ( S6 kinase ), whereas
mTORC2 regulates phosphorylation of Akt, PKCa ( protein kinase Ca ) and
SGK1 ( serum- and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 ) ... Both complexes phosphorylate the hydrophobic motifs of AGC kinase family members : mTORC1 phosphorylates S6K ( S6 kinase ), whereas
mTORC2 regulates phosphorylation of
Akt , PKCa ( protein kinase Ca ) and SGK1 ( serum- and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 ) ... Taken together, these results suggest that Protor-1 may play a role in enabling
mTORC2 to efficiently
activate SGK1 , at least in the kidney
Guo et al., Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011
:
According to Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation results, rHDL promoted mTOR phosphorylation, mTOR-rictor complex formation, and
mTOR-rictor dependent
Akt activation, which were accompanied by increased nuclear translocation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and enhanced nuclear telomerase activity ... According to Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation results, rHDL promoted
mTOR phosphorylation, mTOR-rictor complex formation, and
mTOR-rictor dependent Akt
activation , which were accompanied by increased nuclear translocation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and enhanced nuclear telomerase activity
Gulhati et al., Cancer Res 2011
(Colorectal Neoplasms...) :
mTORC1 and
mTORC2 regulate
EMT , motility, and metastasis of colorectal cancer via RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathways
Saci et al., Mol Cell 2011
:
Rac1 regulates the activity of mTORC1 and
mTORC2 and controls cellular size
Goncharova et al., Mol Cell Biol 2011
:
Our data demonstrate that
mTORC2 dependent activation of
RhoA is required for TSC2-null cell growth and survival and suggest that targeting both mTORC2 and mTORC1 by a combination of proapoptotic simvastatin and cytostatic rapamycin shows promise for combinational therapeutic intervention in diseases with TSC2 dysfunction
Jaafar et al., J Biol Chem 2011
:
Vasopressin stimulation also induced phosphorylation of Akt on Ser-473 through
PLD1 dependent activation of
mTORC2 complex
Hiraoka et al., Oncogene 2011
:
A well conserved threonine in the turn motif ( TM ) is also constitutively phosphorylated by
mTORC2 and
contributes to the stability of
Akt
Moore et al., J Biol Chem 2011
(MAP Kinase Signaling System) :
In this study, we investigated the
role of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (
mTORC)-2 in
Akt regulation using the recently identified small molecule ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors PP242 and Torin1
Joha et al., Oncogene 2012
(Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive) :
Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the
role of
mTORC2 in
BCR-ABL ( + ) cells and indicate that regulation by GILZ may influence TKI sensitivity ... Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the
role of
mTORC2 in
BCR-ABL ( + ) cells and indicate that regulation by GILZ may influence TKI sensitivity
O'Brien et al., Eur J Immunol 2011
:
Overall, our results demonstrate that
TSC1 differentially
regulates mTORC1 and
mTORC2 activity, promotes T-cell survival, and is critical for normal mitochondrial homeostasis in T cells
Lazorchak et al., Protein & cell 2011
(Cell Transformation, Neoplastic) :
We also propose a novel strategy to treat cancers based on our recent discovery that
mTORC2 regulates
Akt protein stability
Boulbés et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011
:
Based on our study we suggest that the
mTORC2 dependent phosphorylation of
Akt on Ser-473 takes place on the surface of ER
Hwang et al., BMB Rep 2011
(Ischemia) :
The loss of TSC2, which is upstream of mTOR, activates S6K1, promotes cell growth and survival, activates mTOR kinase activities,
inhibits mTORC1 and
mTORC2 via mTOR inhibitors, and suppresses
S6K1 and Akt ... The loss of TSC2, which is upstream of mTOR, activates S6K1, promotes cell growth and survival, activates mTOR kinase activities,
inhibits mTORC1 and
mTORC2 via mTOR inhibitors, and suppresses S6K1 and
Akt ... The loss of TSC2, which is upstream of mTOR, activates S6K1, promotes cell growth and survival, activates
mTOR kinase activities,
inhibits mTORC1 and
mTORC2 via mTOR inhibitors, and suppresses S6K1 and Akt ... The loss of
TSC2 , which is upstream of mTOR, activates S6K1, promotes cell growth and survival, activates mTOR kinase activities,
inhibits mTORC1 and
mTORC2 via mTOR inhibitors, and suppresses S6K1 and Akt
Chen et al., J Biol Chem 2011
:
The
PI3K dependent signaling kinase complex
mTORC2 ( mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 ) has been defined as the regulatory Ser-473 kinase of Akt
Zhao et al., Mol Cell 2011
:
DEPTOR , an
inhibitor of mTORC1 and
mTORC2 , is degraded via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by an unknown E3 ubiquitin ligase
Gupta et al., Blood 2012
(Lymphoma) :
Dual
mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibition
diminishes Akt activation and induces Puma dependent apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies
Glidden et al., J Biol Chem 2012
:
Although
Rictor is
required for the stability and activity of
mTORC2 , little is known about functional regions or post-translational modifications within Rictor that are responsible for regulating mTORC2 ... p300 mediated acetylation of Rictor increases mTORC2 activity toward Akt, whereas site directed mutants within the acetylation region of Rictor exhibit reduced
insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) stimulated
mTORC2 kinase activity
Liu et al., Endocrinology 2012
:
Overexpression of either SIK1 or
SIK2 in 4B cells
reduced nuclear
TORC2 levels ( Western blot ) and inhibited forskolin stimulated CRH transcription ( luciferase assay )
Koh et al., Endocr Relat Cancer 2012
(Carcinoma...) :
Cells treated with everolimus demonstrated
activation of
Akt and Ret via
TORC2 complex dependent and TORC2 complex independent mechanisms respectively ... Cells treated with everolimus demonstrated
activation of Akt and
Ret via
TORC2 complex dependent and TORC2 complex independent mechanisms respectively
Shu et al., Mol Biol Cell 2012
:
Synthesis of cAMP receptor and adenylyl cyclase A ( ACA ) is inhibited, and activation of ACA, RasC, and RasG, phosphorylation of
extracellular signal regulated kinase 2 ,
activation of
TORC2 , and stimulation of actin polymerization and myosin assembly are greatly reduced ... Synthesis of cAMP receptor and adenylyl cyclase A ( ACA ) is inhibited, and activation of ACA, RasC, and RasG, phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 2,
activation of
TORC2 , and stimulation of actin polymerization and
myosin assembly are greatly reduced
Fang et al., J Biol Chem 2012
(Prostatic Neoplasms) :
Significantly, androgen increased
TORC2 mediated
AKT S473 phosphorylation without affecting the PDK1 mediated AKT T308 phosphorylation or TORC1 activity ... This study reveals a pathway linking AR to a selective activation of
TORC2 , the subsequent
activation of
AKT , and phosphorylation of a discrete set of AKT substrates that regulate cellular proliferation and survival
Rodrik-Outmezguine et al., Cancer Discov 2011
:
mTOR kinase inhibitors
block mTORC1 and
mTORC2 and thus do not cause the mTORC2 activation of AKT observed with rapamycin ... mTOR kinase inhibitors block mTORC1 and mTORC2 and thus do not cause the
mTORC2 activation of
AKT observed with rapamycin ... Inhibition of
mTORC2 leads to AKT serine 473 ( S473 ) dephosphorylation and a rapid but transient inhibition of AKT T308 phosphorylation and
AKT signaling
Espona-Fiedler et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2012
(Melanoma) :
The inhibition of mTORC1 and
mTORC2 complexes by PG or OBX
resulted in a loss of
AKT phosphorylation at S473, preventing its full activation, with no significant effect on T308
Misra et al., J Cell Biochem 2012
(Prostatic Neoplasms) :
We measured
mTORC2 dependent
Akt phosphorylation at S473 in immunoprecipitates of mTOR or Rictor from 1-LN cells ... These studies represent the first report that Epac1 mediates
mTORC2 dependent phosphorylation of
Akt ( S473 ) ... We further demonstrate that in 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP treated cells, Epac1 co-immunoprecipitates with AKAP, Raptor, Rictor, PDE3B, and PDE4D suggesting thereby that during
Epac1 induced
activation of mTORC1 and
mTORC2 , Epac1 may have an additional function as a `` scaffold '' protein
Mazei-Robison et al., Neuron 2011
:
Chronic morphine decreases
mTORC2 activity, and overexpression of
Rictor , a component of mTORC2,
prevents morphine induced changes in cell morphology and activity
Rosel et al., J Cell Sci 2012
:
TORC1 is required for growth in response to growth factors, nutrients and the cellular energy state ;
TORC2 regulates
AKT signaling, which can modulate cytoskeletal polarization
Pracheil et al., Genetics 2012
:
More importantly, characterization of lst8d bypass mutants reveals a
role for protein
phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the regulation of
TORC2 signaling
Zhang et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012
:
Taken together, these data reveal a signaling pathway by which phosphatidic acid synthesized via the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway
inhibits mTORC2 activity by decreasing the association of rictor and
mTOR , thereby down regulating insulin action
Rao et al., Immunity 2012
:
The Foxo1 inactivation was dependent on mTORC1 kinase, given that blockade of
mTORC1 abrogated
mTORC2 mediated Akt ( Ser473 ) kinase phosphorylation, resulting in Foxo1 dependent switch from T-bet to Eomesodermin transcription factor activation and increase in memory precursors ... The
Foxo1 inactivation was dependent on mTORC1 kinase, given that blockade of mTORC1 abrogated
mTORC2 mediated Akt ( Ser473 ) kinase phosphorylation, resulting in Foxo1 dependent switch from T-bet to Eomesodermin transcription factor activation and increase in memory precursors
Wahdan-Alaswad et al., Mol Cancer Res 2012
(Prostatic Neoplasms) :
Intriguingly, silencing raptor alone enhanced, whereas silencing rictor repressed, the phosphorylation of Smad1/5, indicating that mTORC1 represses, whereas
mTORC2 activates ,
BMP signaling
Lamming et al., Science 2012
(Insulin Resistance) :
We demonstrate that rapamycin disrupted a second
mTOR complex, mTORC2, in vivo and that
mTORC2 was
required for the insulin mediated suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis
Wang et al., Mol Cell Biol 2012
(Dermatitis, Seborrheic) :
Surprisingly, however,
TORC2 does not
regulate cell growth via its best characterized target,
AKT
Kaur et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012
:
We provide evidence that
mTORC2 complexes
control IFN induced phosphorylation of
AKT on serine 473 and their function is ultimately required for IFN dependent gene transcription via interferon stimulated response elements
Chang et al., Eur J Immunol 2012
:
Sin1 deficiency blocks the
mTORC2 dependent
Akt phosphorylation in T cells during development and activation
Shanmugasundaram et al., Oncogene 2013
(Carcinoma, Renal Cell...) :
Here we provide additional genetic evidence that
PI3K signaling
activates mTORC2 kinase activity ... We also demonstrate a novel
role for
mTORC2 in the modulation of nuclear
p27 levels
Zhao et al., Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 2012
(Neoplasms) :
Recently, we and others found that
DEPTOR , a naturally occurring
inhibitor of both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 , was degraded by SCF ( Skp1-Cullin-F box proteins ) E3 ubiquitin ligase, the founding member of cullin-RING-ligases ( CRLs ), resulting in mTOR activation and cell proliferation
Agarwal et al., Oncogene 2013
:
We found that a suppression of RhoGDI2 by rictor is not related to the Sin1 or raptor function that excludes a
role of
mTORC2 or mTORC1 in regulation of
RhoGDI2
Floc'h et al., Cancer Res 2012
(Disease Models, Animal...) :
In human prostate cancer cell lines, although not in the mouse model, the synergistic actions of MK-2206 and ridaforolimus ( MK-8669 ) are due in part to limiting the
mTORC2 feedback
activation of
Akt
Wang et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012
(Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative) :
In conclusion, this study suggest that TNF-a promotes RPE cell migration by
inducing MMP-9 expression through activation of Akt/ mTORC1, but not
mTORC2 signaling
Hall et al., Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012
(Breast Neoplasms) :
Previous studies have alternatively suggested that either mTORC1 or
mTORC2 is exclusively
required for
SGK1 's Ser422 phosphorylation and activation in breast cancer cells
Magee et al., Cell stem cell 2012
(Leukemia) :
Pten is therefore
required in adult, but not neonatal, HSCs to negatively regulate
mTORC2 signaling
Ju et al., Cell Signal 2013
:
We have previously demonstrated that
syndecan 4 (S4) regulates the intracellular localization of
mTORC2 , thus altering phosphorylation of Akt at serine473 ( Ser473 ), one of two critical phosphorylation sites essential for the full activation of Akt [1 ]
Chong et al., Prog Neurobiol 2012
(Neurodegenerative Diseases) :
mTOR signaling is
dependent upon the mTORC1 and
mTORC2 complexes that are composed of mTOR and several regulatory proteins including the tuberous sclerosis complex ( TSC1, hamartin/TSC2, tuberin )
Najafov et al., Biochem J 2012
(Neoplasms) :
Akt is
activated by phosphorylation of its T-loop residue ( Thr ( 308 ) ) by PDK1 ( 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1 ) and its C-terminal hydrophobic motif ( Ser ( 473 ) ) by
mTORC2 [ mTOR ( mammalian target of rapamycin ) complex 2 ] ... Akt is
activated by phosphorylation of its T-loop residue ( Thr ( 308 ) ) by PDK1 ( 3-phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1 ) and its C-terminal hydrophobic motif ( Ser ( 473 ) ) by
mTORC2 [
mTOR ( mammalian target of rapamycin ) complex 2 ]
Le Bacquer et al., J Endocrinol 2013
(Hyperglycemia) :
mTORC1 and
mTORC2 regulate
insulin secretion through Akt in INS-1 cells
Ethier et al., PloS one 2012
(Necrosis) :
In this study, we show that
PARP-1 activation and PAR synthesis affect the energetic status of cells, inhibit the mTORC1 signaling pathway and possibly
modulate the
mTORC2 complex affecting cell fate
Matheny et al., Growth Factors 2012
:
Enhanced
Akt phosphorylation and myogenic differentiation in PI3K p110ß-deficient myoblasts is
mediated by PI3K p110a and
mTORC2
Kim et al., Mol Cell 2012
:
Here, we found that
mTORC2 can also
regulate insulin signaling at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) ... Our findings reveal that in addition to persistent mTORC1 signaling, heightened mTORC2 signals can promote insulin resistance due to
mTORC2 mediated degradation of
IRS-1
Maru et al., J Urol 2013
(Carcinoma, Renal Cell...) :
We investigated whether
mTORC2 regulates
E-cadherin expression and controls cell motility during HIF-2a down-regulation in renal cell carcinoma cells ... Results show that
mTORC2 might
regulate E-cadherin expression and suppress cell motility by controlling the mTORC2-HIF-2a signaling pathway
Chen et al., J Invest Dermatol 2013
(Psoriasis) :
mTORC2-PKBa/Akt1 Serine 473 Phosphorylation Axis Is
Essential for Regulation of
FOXP3 Stability by Chemokine CCL3 in Psoriasis
Parrales et al., Cell Signal 2013
:
Since
Akt functions as an upstream activator of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 ( mTORC1 ) and is also a downstream
target for
mTORC2 , the aim of this work was to determine whether mTOR is involved in thrombin induced RPE cell proliferation by regulating cyclin D1 expression in immortalized rat RPE-J cell line
Yao et al., Science signaling 2013
:
BSTA promotes
mTORC2 mediated phosphorylation of
Akt1 to suppress expression of FoxC2 and stimulate adipocyte differentiation ... The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 ( mTORC2 ) facilitated the phosphorylation of BSTA and its association with Akt1, and the
BSTA-Akt1 interaction
promoted the association of
mTORC2 with Akt1 and phosphorylation of Akt1 at Ser473 in response to growth factor stimulation ... The
mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 ( mTORC2 ) facilitated the phosphorylation of BSTA and its association with Akt1, and the BSTA-Akt1 interaction
promoted the association of
mTORC2 with Akt1 and phosphorylation of Akt1 at Ser473 in response to growth factor stimulation
Razmara et al., Cell communication and signaling : CCS 2013
:
Inhibition of
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibited PDGF-BB activation of both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 ... Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibited
PDGF-BB activation of both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 ... Thus, whereas both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 are activated in a
PI3K dependent manner, different additional signaling pathways are needed ... mTORC1 is activated in a PLD dependent manner and promotes phosphorylation of the S6 protein, whereas
mTORC2 , in concert with PLC? signaling,
promotes Akt phosphorylation
Shortt et al., Blood 2013
(Lymphoma, B-Cell) :
Moreover, apoptosis was initiated at drug concentrations insufficient to antagonize
PI3K/mTORC2 regulated
AKT phosphorylation
Wolin et al., Cancer Lett 2013
(Neuroendocrine Tumors...) :
The mTOR inhibitor everolimus has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of pNET, but its efficacy may be limited by its inability to prevent
mTORC2 mediated activation of
Akt
Esen et al., Cell Metab 2013
:
Deletion of
Lrp5 in the mouse, which decreases postnatal bone mass,
reduces mTORC2 activity and glycolytic enzymes in bone cells and lowers serum lactate levels
Pracheil et al., J Biol Chem 2013
:
It has been reported that protein
phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and the Far3-7-8-9-10-11 complex ( Far complex ) negatively
regulate TORC2 signaling in yeast
Moschella et al., Cell Signal 2013
:
Since mTORC2 is known to mediate the activation of a prosurvival kinase, Akt, we analyzed whether
mTORC2 directly
mediates Akt activation or whether it requires the participation of another prosurvival kinase, PKCe ( epsilon isoform of protein kinase-C )
Jeon et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 2013
(Breast Neoplasms...) :
When SelW was down-regulated,
mTORC2 dependent phosphorylation of
Akt at Ser473 was decreased
Pan et al., J Immunol 2013
:
Its deficiency in
DCs results in increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 but decreased
mTORC2 signaling, altered cytokine production, impaired CIITA/MHC-II expression, and defective Ag presentation to CD4 T cells after TLR4 stimulation
Melnik et al., Exp Dermatol 2013
:
Antiandrogens may attenuate mTORC1 by suppressing
mTORC2 mediated
Akt/TSC2 signalling ... Antiandrogens may attenuate mTORC1 by suppressing
mTORC2 mediated
Akt/TSC2 signalling
Völkers et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013
(Cardiomegaly) :
Inhibition of
mTORC1 by PRAS40 preferentially
promotes protective
mTORC2 signaling in chronic diseased myocardium
Jaafar et al., Cell communication and signaling : CCS 2013
(Muscular Atrophy) :
These observations suggest that
PLD1 acts through the activation of both mTORC1 and
mTORC2 to induce positive trophic effects on muscle cells
Wang et al., PloS one 2013
:
Western blotting showed that the PP242 inhibition of
mTORC2 mediated
AKT phosphorylation at Ser 473 ( AKT ( S473 ) ) was transient only in the first few hours of the PP242 treatment ... The parallel increase of AKT ( S473 ) and EGFR ( T1068 ) in the cells following PP242 treatment raised the possibility that
EGFR phosphorylation might
contribute to the PP242 incomplete inhibition of
mTORC2