ID:OPSD_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Rhodopsin; AltName: Full=Opsin-2; FUNCTION: Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change leading to G-protein activation and release of all-trans retinal. BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Absorption: Abs(max)=495 nm; SUBUNIT: Homodimer (By similarity). INTERACTION: O95405:ZFYVE9; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-1394177, EBI-296817; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Synthesized in the inner segment (IS) of rod photoreceptor cells before vectorial transport to the rod outer segment (OS) photosensory cilia. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Rod shaped photoreceptor cells which mediates vision in dim light. PTM: Phosphorylated on some or all of the serine and threonine residues present in the C-terminal region. PTM: Contains one covalently linked retinal chromophore (By similarity). DISEASE: Defects in RHO are the cause of retinitis pigmentosa type 4 (RP4) [MIM:613731]. RP leads to degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. Patients typically have night vision blindness and loss of midperipheral visual field. As their condition progresses, they lose their far peripheral visual field and eventually central vision as well. DISEASE: Defects in RHO are the cause of congenital stationary night blindness autosomal dominant type 1 (CSNBAD1) [MIM:610445]; also known as rhodopsin-related congenital stationary night blindness. Congenital stationary night blindness is a non- progressive retinal disorder characterized by impaired night vision. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Mutations of the RHO gene; Note=Retina International's Scientific Newsletter; URL="http://www.retina-international.org/files/sci-news/rhomut.htm"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/RHO"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Rhodopsin entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodopsin";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
Pfam Domains: PF00001 - 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) PF10320 - Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx PF10323 - Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srv PF10324 - Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srw PF10413 - Amino terminal of the G-protein receptor rhodopsin
SCOP Domains: 81321 - Family A G protein-coupled receptor-like
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P08100
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
BX537381 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp686B2082 (from clone DKFZp686B2082); complete cds. BC112104 - Homo sapiens rhodopsin, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:138309 IMAGE:8327572), complete cds. BC112106 - Homo sapiens rhodopsin, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:138311 IMAGE:8327574), complete cds. JD205797 - Sequence 186821 from Patent EP1572962. JD409135 - Sequence 390159 from Patent EP1572962. JD049754 - Sequence 30778 from Patent EP1572962. AB464154 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB8342, Homo sapiens RHO gene for rhodopsin, without stop codon, in Flexi system. AM392780 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100002303 for hypothetical protein (RHO gene). BC111451 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:40080645, MGC:133433 RHO protein (RHO) mRNA, encodes complete protein. JD390042 - Sequence 371066 from Patent EP1572962. JD461727 - Sequence 442751 from Patent EP1572962. JD232629 - Sequence 213653 from Patent EP1572962. JD284881 - Sequence 265905 from Patent EP1572962. JD087745 - Sequence 68769 from Patent EP1572962. JD185209 - Sequence 166233 from Patent EP1572962. JD205591 - Sequence 186615 from Patent EP1572962. JD177277 - Sequence 158301 from Patent EP1572962. JD393355 - Sequence 374379 from Patent EP1572962. JD283772 - Sequence 264796 from Patent EP1572962. JD232637 - Sequence 213661 from Patent EP1572962. JD547861 - Sequence 528885 from Patent EP1572962. JD484498 - Sequence 465522 from Patent EP1572962. JD075390 - Sequence 56414 from Patent EP1572962. JD329256 - Sequence 310280 from Patent EP1572962. JD485930 - Sequence 466954 from Patent EP1572962. JD039800 - Sequence 20824 from Patent EP1572962. JD438256 - Sequence 419280 from Patent EP1572962. JD357833 - Sequence 338857 from Patent EP1572962. JD124081 - Sequence 105105 from Patent EP1572962. JD109732 - Sequence 90756 from Patent EP1572962. JD049633 - Sequence 30657 from Patent EP1572962. JD440814 - Sequence 421838 from Patent EP1572962. JD131889 - Sequence 112913 from Patent EP1572962. JD515619 - Sequence 496643 from Patent EP1572962. JD310762 - Sequence 291786 from Patent EP1572962. LQ112213 - Sequence 19 from Patent WO2015143418. LX154806 - JP 2017509632-A/18: GENE THERAPY FOR RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. LY411209 - KR 1020160127832-A/19: GENE THERAPY FOR RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. JD158438 - Sequence 139462 from Patent EP1572962. JD393442 - Sequence 374466 from Patent EP1572962. JD426255 - Sequence 407279 from Patent EP1572962. JD217885 - Sequence 198909 from Patent EP1572962. JD507571 - Sequence 488595 from Patent EP1572962.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P08100 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
R-HSA-2454118 11cRAL binds to opsin to form 11c-retinyl:RHO R-HSA-74948 PP2A dephosphorylates p-RHO to RHO R-HSA-74947 p-MII:SAG dissociates to p-RHO and SAG R-HSA-74101 Photons induce isomerization of 11c-retinyl to at-retinyl R-HSA-2581474 GRK1,4,7 phosphorylate MII to p-MII R-HSA-2581488 SAG binds p-MII to form p-MII:SAG R-HSA-419841 Light stimulates opsin receptors R-HSA-2632521 at-retinyl is hydrolysed from p-MII:SAG to release atRAL R-HSA-2485180 MII catalyses GDP/GTP exchange on Gt R-HSA-5620914 ARF4:GTP binds VxPx-motifs of membrane proteins R-HSA-8982637 Opsins binds G alpha-t R-HSA-8982640 G-alpha(t):G-beta-gamma:Opsins complex dissociates to active G-alpha(t) R-HSA-5620918 ASAP1 dimer binds membrane proteins R-HSA-5623519 RAB3IP and RAB8A bind to the ciliary targeting complex R-HSA-5623513 ASAP1 stimulates GTPase activity of ARF4 R-HSA-420883 Opsins act as GEFs for G alpha-t R-HSA-5620921 ASAP1 recruits RAB11FIP3 and RAB11 to the ciliary targeting complex R-HSA-5623521 RAB3IP stimulates nucleotide exchange on RAB8A R-HSA-5623524 The exocyst complex binds to RAB3IP in the ciliary targeting complex R-HSA-2453902 The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision) R-HSA-2514859 Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade R-HSA-2485179 Activation of the phototransduction cascade R-HSA-419771 Opsins R-HSA-2187338 Visual phototransduction R-HSA-2514856 The phototransduction cascade R-HSA-5620916 VxPx cargo-targeting to cilium R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-373076 Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) R-HSA-5620920 Cargo trafficking to the periciliary membrane R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding R-HSA-5617833 Cilium Assembly R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
