ID:MYC_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Myc proto-oncogene protein; AltName: Full=Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 39; Short=bHLHe39; AltName: Full=Proto-oncogene c-Myc; AltName: Full=Transcription factor p64; FUNCTION: Participates in the regulation of gene transcription. Binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Seems to activate the transcription of growth-related genes. SUBUNIT: Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Binds DNA as a heterodimer with MAX. Interacts with TAF1C and SPAG9. Interacts with PARP10. Interacts with KDM5A and KDM5B. Interacts (when phosphorylated at Thr-58 and Ser-62) with FBXW7. Interacts with PIM2 (By similarity). Interacts with NO66. INTERACTION: P03070:- (xeno); NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-617698; Q15059:BRD3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-1383460; P11802:CDK4; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-295644; Q86XR8:CEP57; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-308614; Q14839:CHD4; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-372916; O15111:CHUK; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-81249; Q15029:EFTUD2; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-357897; Q969H0:FBXW7; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-359574; Q8N3Y1:FBXW8; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-914770; Q92769:HDAC2; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-301821; Q8TCG1:KIAA1524; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-1379376; Q8N163:KIAA1967; NbExp=8; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-355410; P61244:MAX; NbExp=21; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-751711; P52164:Max (xeno); NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-1184963; P33993:MCM7; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-355924; O75928:PIAS2; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-348555; Q96EB6:SIRT1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-1802965; Q13309:SKP2; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-456291; Q8TAD8:SNIP1; NbExp=9; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-749336; P08047:SP1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-298336; P11387:TOP1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-876302; Q9Y4A5:TRRAP; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-399128; P17480:UBTF; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-396235; Q13105:ZBTB17; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-447544, EBI-372156; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. PTM: Phosphorylated by PRKDC. Phosphorylation at Thr-58 and Ser-62 by GSK3 is required for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Phosphorylation at Ser-329 by PIM2 leads to the stabilization of MYC (By similarity). Phosphorylation at Ser-62 by CDK2 prevents Ras-induced senescence. PTM: Ubiquitinated by the SCF(FBXW7) complex when phosphorylated at Thr-58 and Ser-62, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. In the nucleoplasm, ubiquitination is counteracted by USP28, which interacts with isoform 1 of FBXW7 (FBW7alpha), leading to its deubiquitination and preventing degradation. In the nucleolus, however, ubiquitination is not counteracted by USP28, due to the lack of interaction between isoform 4 of FBXW7 (FBW7gamma) and USP28, explaining the selective MYC degradation in the nucleolus. Also polyubiquitinated by the DCX(TRUSS) complex. DISEASE: Note=Overexpression of MYC is implicated in the etiology of a variety of hematopoietic tumors. DISEASE: Note=A chromosomal aberration involving MYC may be a cause of a form of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Translocation t(8;12)(q24;q22) with BTG1. DISEASE: Defects in MYC are a cause of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) [MIM:113970]. A form of undifferentiated malignant lymphoma commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. Note=Chromosomal aberrations involving MYC are usually found in Burkitt lymphoma. Translocations t(8;14), t(8;22) or t(2;8) which juxtapose MYC to one of the heavy or light chain immunoglobulin gene loci. BIOTECHNOLOGY: POU5F1/OCT4, SOX2, MYC/c-Myc and KLF4 are the four Yamanaka factors. When combined, these factors are sufficient to reprogram differentiated cells to an embryonic-like state designated iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells. iPS cells exhibit the morphology and growth properties of ES cells and express ES cell marker genes. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/MYCID27.html"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/myc/"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Myc entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myc";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P01106
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0000981 RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0001077 transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding GO:0003677 DNA binding GO:0003700 transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0008134 transcription factor binding GO:0033613 activating transcription factor binding GO:0044877 macromolecular complex binding GO:0046983 protein dimerization activity GO:0070491 repressing transcription factor binding GO:0070888 E-box binding
Biological Process: GO:0000082 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0000165 MAPK cascade GO:0001658 branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis GO:0002053 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation GO:0006112 energy reserve metabolic process GO:0006338 chromatin remodeling GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0006357 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006366 transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006879 cellular iron ion homeostasis GO:0006974 cellular response to DNA damage stimulus GO:0007050 cell cycle arrest GO:0007219 Notch signaling pathway GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0010332 response to gamma radiation GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression GO:0015671 oxygen transport GO:0016579 protein deubiquitination GO:0019221 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0032204 regulation of telomere maintenance GO:0032873 negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade GO:0032986 protein-DNA complex disassembly GO:0034644 cellular response to UV GO:0035690 cellular response to drug GO:0042493 response to drug GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0043280 positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process GO:0044346 fibroblast apoptotic process GO:0045656 negative regulation of monocyte differentiation GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0048146 positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation GO:0048147 negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation GO:0050679 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0051276 chromosome organization GO:0051782 negative regulation of cell division GO:0051973 positive regulation of telomerase activity GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway GO:0070371 ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070848 response to growth factor GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia GO:0090096 positive regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation GO:1904837 beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly GO:2000573 positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process GO:2001022 positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
