Human Gene KRAS (ENST00000311936.8_12) from GENCODE V47lift37
Description: KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase, transcript variant b (from RefSeq NM_004985.5)Gencode Transcript: ENST00000311936.8_12Gencode Gene: ENSG00000133703.14_18Transcript (Including UTRs) Position: hg19 chr12:25,358,180-25,403,863 Size: 45,684 Total Exon Count: 5 Strand: -Coding Region Position: hg19 chr12:25,362,729-25,398,318 Size: 35,590 Coding Exon Count: 4
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
ID: RASK_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=GTPase KRas; AltName: Full=K-Ras 2; AltName: Full=Ki-Ras; AltName: Full=c-K-ras; AltName: Full=c-Ki-ras; Contains: RecName: Full=GTPase KRas, N-terminally processed; Flags: Precursor;FUNCTION: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity.ENZYME REGULATION: Alternate between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. Activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and inactivated by a GTPase- activating protein (GAP).SUBUNIT: Interacts with PHLPP. Interacts (active GTP-bound form preferentially) with RGS14 (By similarity).INTERACTION: Q04631:Fnta (xeno); NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-367427, EBI-602447; P04049:RAF1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-367427, EBI-365996; P50749:RASSF2; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-367415, EBI-960081;SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side.DISEASE: Defects in KRAS are a cause of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) [MIM:601626] . AML is a malignant disease in which hematopoietic precursors are arrested in an early stage of development.DISEASE: Defects in KRAS are a cause of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) [MIM:607785] . JMML is a pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome that constitutes approximately 30% of childhood cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 2% of leukemia. It is characterized by leukocytosis with tissue infiltration and in vitro hypersensitivity of myeloid progenitors to granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor.DISEASE: Defects in KRAS are the cause of Noonan syndrome type 3 (NS3) [MIM:609942] . Noonan syndrome (NS) [MIM:163950] is a disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, short stature, hypertelorism, cardiac anomalies, deafness, motor delay, and a bleeding diathesis. It is a genetically heterogeneous and relatively common syndrome, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1000-2500 live births. Rarely, NS is associated with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). NS3 inheritance is autosomal dominant.DISEASE: Defects in KRAS are a cause of gastric cancer (GASC) [MIM:613659] ; also called gastric cancer intestinal or stomach cancer. Gastric cancer is a malignant disease which starts in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body. The term gastric cancer or gastric carcinoma refers to adenocarcinoma of the stomach that accounts for most of all gastric malignant tumors. Two main histologic types are recognized, diffuse type and intestinal type carcinomas. Diffuse tumors are poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions, resulting in thickening of the stomach. In contrast, intestinal tumors are usually exophytic, often ulcerating, and associated with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, most often observed in sporadic disease.DISEASE: Note=Defects in KRAS are a cause of pylocytic astrocytoma (PA). Pylocytic astrocytomas are neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors.DISEASE: Defects in KRAS are a cause of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome) [MIM:115150] ; also known as cardio-facio- cutaneous syndrome. CFC syndrome is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, heart defects and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some affected individuals present with ectodermal abnormalities such as sparse, friable hair, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and a generalized ichthyosis-like condition. Typical facial features are similar to Noonan syndrome. They include high forehead with bitemporal constriction, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, downslanting palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, and posteriorly angulated ears with prominent helices. The inheritance of CFC syndrome is autosomal dominant.DISEASE: Note=KRAS mutations are involved in cancer development.SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology; URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/KRASID91.html";WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/KRAS";WEB RESOURCE: Name=SHMPD; Note=The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database; URL="http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=KRAS";
Primer design for this transcript
MalaCards Disease Associations
MalaCards Gene Search: KRAS
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: ras-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorder * (1364), noonan syndrome 3 * (1229), cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 2 * (1229), bladder cancer, somatic * (1002), pilocytic astrocytoma * (758), lung cancer * (653), schimmelpenning-feuerstein-mims syndrome, somatic mosaic * (548), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia * (547), kras-related noonan syndrome * (500), thyroid cancer * (451), noonan syndrome 1 * (447), lung squamous cell carcinoma * (422), stomach cancer * (421), oculoectodermal syndrome * (368), leukemia, acute myeloid * (355), pancreatic cancer * (354), urinary bladder cancer * (291), gastric cancer, somatic * (285), gastric cancer risk after h. pylori infection * (250), cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome * (196), endometrial cancer * (186), acute myeloid leukemia, flt3-related * (179), breast cancer * (159), ovarian cancer, somatic * (140), colorectal cancer * (104), kras-related cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome * (100), differentiated thyroid carcinoma * (78), adenocarcinoma (39), encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis * (31), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (27), selection of therapeutic option in colorectal cancer * (25), lung benign neoplasm (24), adenoma (22), liver angiosarcoma (22), ampulla of vater neoplasm (19), neurenteric cyst (18), mucinous adenocarcinoma (17), adenocarcinoma in situ (16), respiratory system benign neoplasm (16), villous adenoma (16), colon adenoma (15), sarcoma (15), rectal neoplasm (15), sigmoid neoplasm (14), duodenum cancer (14), intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis (13), mutyh-associated polyposis (13), med23 (12), colorectal adenoma (12), mature teratoma (12), gallbladder cancer (11), pseudomyxoma peritonei (11), ovary serous adenocarcinoma (11), bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma (11), lung cancer susceptibility 3 (11), core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (11), hyperplastic polyposis syndrome (10), ovarian serous carcinoma (10), pulmonary blastoma (10), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (10), gastrointestinal system cancer (10), small intestine cancer (9), intestinal benign neoplasm (9), colorectal adenocarcinoma (9), hemangioma (9), rectosigmoid junction neoplasm (9), murray valley encephalitis (9), costello syndrome (9), adenosquamous pancreas carcinoma (8), astrocytoma (8), adenosquamous carcinoma (8), pancreas adenocarcinoma (8), gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm (8), syringocystadenoma papilliferum (8), familial adenomatous polyposis (8), pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma (8), paronychia (8), female reproductive endometrioid cancer (8), ovarian cystadenocarcinoma (8), barrett's adenocarcinoma (7), acneiform dermatitis (7), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (7), struma ovarii (7), cell type cancer (7), periampullary adenoma (7), ovary adenocarcinoma (7), endometrial adenocarcinoma (7), anus cancer (7), bile duct adenocarcinoma (7), biliary tract neoplasm (6), st. louis encephalitis (6), exanthem (6), hereditary colorectal cancer (6), cell type benign neoplasm (6), aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (6), adenosquamous cell lung carcinoma (6), anal canal adenocarcinoma (6), lynch syndrome (6), cataract 31, multiple types (6), nasal cavity adenocarcinoma (6), nail disease (5), pulmonic stenosis (5), biliary papillomatosis (5), colloid carcinoma of the pancreas (5), small intestinal adenocarcinoma (5), choledochal cyst (5), appendix cancer (5), secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (5), tonsil squamous cell carcinoma (5), endocrine gland cancer (5), lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma (5), mixed cell type cancer (5), transverse colon cancer (5), lung adenoid cystic carcinoma (5), autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (5), ovary epithelial cancer (5), malignant ovarian surface epithelial-stromal neoplasm (4), ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome 3 (4), colon adenocarcinoma (3), myelodysplastic syndrome (3), renal cell carcinoma (2), prostate cancer (2), esophageal cancer (2), female reproductive organ cancer (1), colonic benign neoplasm (1)* = Manually curated disease association
Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
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RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
Microarray Expression Data
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mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
Protein Domain and Structure Information
InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure IPR005225 - Small_GTP-bd_domIPR001806 - Small_GTPaseIPR020849 - Small_GTPase_RasPfam Domains: PF00009 - Elongation factor Tu GTP binding domainPF00025 - ADP-ribosylation factor familyPF00071 - Ras familyPF01926 - 50S ribosome-binding GTPasePF08477 - Ras of Complex, Roc, domain of DAPkinaseSCOP Domains: 51735 - NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains51905 - FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain52540 - P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases53795 - PEP carboxykinase-likeProtein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P01116 The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.
Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
JD590312 - Sequence 3 from Patent WO2015015496.JD590313 - Sequence 4 from Patent WO2015015496.M54968 - Homo sapiens K-ras oncogene protein (KRAS) mRNA, complete cds.BC010502 - Homo sapiens v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:3450509).FW413222 - NUCLEIC ACID COMPOUNDS FOR INHIBITING RAS GENE EXPRESSION AND USES THEREOF.FW413223 - NUCLEIC ACID COMPOUNDS FOR INHIBITING RAS GENE EXPRESSION AND USES THEREOF.JC102701 - Sequence 3 from Patent WO2013179292.JC102702 - Sequence 4 from Patent WO2013179292.CS544944 - Sequence 53 from Patent WO2006028967.DL262778 - Regulation of Oncogenes by MicroRNAs.HH826928 - Sequence 8 from Patent WO2010101696.HV512430 - JP 2011521649-A/12: Targeted Oligonucleotide Compositions for Modifying Gene Expression.HW270257 - JP 2012105669-A/53: Regulation of Oncogenes by MicroRNAs.HW339731 - JP 2013212052-A/8: The KRAS Variant and Tumor Biology.JA072123 - Sequence 53 from Patent EP2298897.JC192448 - Sequence 53 from Patent EP2338993.JC246368 - Sequence 53 from Patent EP2338994.LP837834 - Sequence 8 from Patent WO2017189906.LP906260 - Sequence 8 from Patent EP3230478.KJ905817 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_15487 KRAS gene, encodes complete protein.JD095267 - Sequence 76291 from Patent EP1572962.JD533822 - Sequence 514846 from Patent EP1572962.CS544939 - Sequence 48 from Patent WO2006028967.DL262773 - Regulation of Oncogenes by MicroRNAs.HH826923 - Sequence 3 from Patent WO2010101696.HV512425 - JP 2011521649-A/7: Targeted Oligonucleotide Compositions for Modifying Gene Expression.HW270252 - JP 2012105669-A/48: Regulation of Oncogenes by MicroRNAs.HW339726 - JP 2013212052-A/3: The KRAS Variant and Tumor Biology.JA072118 - Sequence 48 from Patent EP2298897.JC192443 - Sequence 48 from Patent EP2338993.JC246363 - Sequence 48 from Patent EP2338994.LP837829 - Sequence 3 from Patent WO2017189906.LP906255 - Sequence 3 from Patent EP3230478.JD026267 - Sequence 7291 from Patent EP1572962.JD032640 - Sequence 13664 from Patent EP1572962.AK292510 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ76682 complete cds, highly similar to Homo sapiens v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), transcript variant b, mRNA.BC013572 - Homo sapiens v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:8977 IMAGE:3878884), complete cds.JD487059 - Sequence 468083 from Patent EP1572962.JD316355 - Sequence 297379 from Patent EP1572962.JD530980 - Sequence 512004 from Patent EP1572962.CS544937 - Sequence 46 from Patent WO2006028967.DL262771 - Regulation of Oncogenes by MicroRNAs.HH826921 - Sequence 1 from Patent WO2010101696.HV512423 - JP 2011521649-A/5: Targeted Oligonucleotide Compositions for Modifying Gene Expression.HW270250 - JP 2012105669-A/46: Regulation of Oncogenes by MicroRNAs.HW339724 - JP 2013212052-A/1: The KRAS Variant and Tumor Biology.JA072116 - Sequence 46 from Patent EP2298897.JC192441 - Sequence 46 from Patent EP2338993.JC246361 - Sequence 46 from Patent EP2338994.LP837827 - Sequence 1 from Patent WO2017189906.LP906253 - Sequence 1 from Patent EP3230478.JD083913 - Sequence 64937 from Patent EP1572962.AF493917 - Homo sapiens Ras family small GTP binding protein K-Ras2 (KRAS) mRNA, complete cds.BT007153 - Homo sapiens v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog mRNA, complete cds.DQ890649 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100003279; FLH164775.01X; RZPDo839B10158D v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene, encodes complete protein.DQ893829 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100008289; FLH164771.01L; RZPDo839B10157D v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene, encodes complete protein.AB587393 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB5638, Homo sapiens KRAS gene for v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, without stop codon, in Flexi system.JF343812 - Homo sapiens cell-line Du145 UBE2L3/KRAS fusion protein mRNA, complete cds.M35504 - Human PR310 c-K-ras protein mRNA, 5' end.M35505 - Human PR371 c-K-ras oncogene mRNA, 5' end.JD026905 - Sequence 7929 from Patent EP1572962.JD028969 - Sequence 9993 from Patent EP1572962.HW414651 - WO 2014013995-A/2: RNAi PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR SUPPRESSING EXPRESSION OF KRAS GENE.HW414652 - WO 2014013995-A/3: RNAi PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR SUPPRESSING EXPRESSION OF KRAS GENE.HW414650 - WO 2014013995-A/1: RNAi PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR SUPPRESSING EXPRESSION OF KRAS GENE.MA132013 - JP 2018500027-A/13: Ligand-Modified Oligonucleotides.HW072907 - JP 2012531888-A/3: METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF KRAS BY ASYMMETRIC DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA.HW072908 - JP 2012531888-A/4: METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF KRAS BY ASYMMETRIC DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA.HW072909 - JP 2012531888-A/5: METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF KRAS BY ASYMMETRIC DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA.BC029545 - Homo sapiens v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:5301134).M17087 - Human c-ras-Ki-2 activated oncogene mRNA, partial cds.LP057491 - Sequence 9 from Patent EP2841598.LP057492 - Sequence 10 from Patent EP2841598.LP057493 - Sequence 11 from Patent EP2841598.LP057494 - Sequence 12 from Patent EP2841598.LP057495 - Sequence 13 from Patent EP2841598.LP057496 - Sequence 14 from Patent EP2841598.LP057497 - Sequence 15 from Patent EP2841598.LP057507 - Sequence 25 from Patent EP2841598.LP057508 - Sequence 26 from Patent EP2841598.LP057513 - Sequence 31 from Patent EP2841598.LP057514 - Sequence 32 from Patent EP2841598.LP057519 - Sequence 37 from Patent EP2841598.LP057530 - Sequence 48 from Patent EP2841598.LP057531 - Sequence 49 from Patent EP2841598.DD037086 - Ribozyme-encoding paramyxovirus vectors and their use.CS148860 - Sequence 26 from Patent WO2005078095.CS148879 - Sequence 45 from Patent WO2005078095.CS148856 - Sequence 22 from Patent WO2005078095.AX752076 - Sequence 5 from Patent WO03035870.DD157416 - Medicament to treat a pancreatic carcinoma.CS148847 - Sequence 13 from Patent WO2005078095.CS148842 - Sequence 8 from Patent WO2005078095.JD462687 - Sequence 443711 from Patent EP1572962.JD170412 - Sequence 151436 from Patent EP1572962.JD074595 - Sequence 55619 from Patent EP1572962.JD405536 - Sequence 386560 from Patent EP1572962.JD461124 - Sequence 442148 from Patent EP1572962.JD407280 - Sequence 388304 from Patent EP1572962.JD407048 - Sequence 388072 from Patent EP1572962.JD476179 - Sequence 457203 from Patent EP1572962.MA404955 - WO 2018147343-A/30: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404956 - WO 2018147343-A/31: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404976 - WO 2018147343-A/51: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404957 - WO 2018147343-A/32: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404959 - WO 2018147343-A/34: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404931 - WO 2018147343-A/6: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404960 - WO 2018147343-A/35: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404977 - WO 2018147343-A/52: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404978 - WO 2018147343-A/53: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MA404962 - WO 2018147343-A/37: Method of treating diseases associated with elevated KRAS expression using CRISPR-GNDM system.MP095494 - Sequence 15 from Patent EP3436585.MP095493 - Sequence 14 from Patent EP3436585.MP095492 - Sequence 13 from Patent EP3436585.MP095491 - Sequence 12 from Patent EP3436585.MP095490 - Sequence 11 from Patent EP3436585.MP095489 - Sequence 10 from Patent EP3436585.MP095488 - Sequence 9 from Patent EP3436585.MP095487 - Sequence 8 from Patent EP3436585.MP095486 - Sequence 7 from Patent EP3436585.MP095485 - Sequence 6 from Patent EP3436585.MP095484 - Sequence 5 from Patent EP3436585.MP095483 - Sequence 4 from Patent EP3436585.MP095482 - Sequence 3 from Patent EP3436585.MP095481 - Sequence 2 from Patent EP3436585.MP095480 - Sequence 1 from Patent EP3436585.MP180081 - Sequence 1 from Patent WO2019068880.MP180167 - Sequence 87 from Patent WO2019068880.MP180186 - Sequence 106 from Patent WO2019068880.MP180198 - Sequence 118 from Patent WO2019068880.LY639463 - KR 1020180124142-A/15: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639462 - KR 1020180124142-A/14: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639461 - KR 1020180124142-A/13: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639460 - KR 1020180124142-A/12: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639459 - KR 1020180124142-A/11: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639458 - KR 1020180124142-A/10: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639457 - KR 1020180124142-A/9: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639456 - KR 1020180124142-A/8: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639455 - KR 1020180124142-A/7: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639454 - KR 1020180124142-A/6: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639453 - KR 1020180124142-A/5: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639452 - KR 1020180124142-A/4: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639451 - KR 1020180124142-A/3: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639450 - KR 1020180124142-A/2: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.LY639449 - KR 1020180124142-A/1: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122179 - JP 2019513371-A/15: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122178 - JP 2019513371-A/14: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122177 - JP 2019513371-A/13: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122176 - JP 2019513371-A/12: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122175 - JP 2019513371-A/11: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122174 - JP 2019513371-A/10: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122173 - JP 2019513371-A/9: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122172 - JP 2019513371-A/8: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122171 - JP 2019513371-A/7: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122170 - JP 2019513371-A/6: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122169 - JP 2019513371-A/5: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122168 - JP 2019513371-A/4: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122167 - JP 2019513371-A/3: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122166 - JP 2019513371-A/2: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB122165 - JP 2019513371-A/1: NUCLEIC ACID-POLYPEPTIDE COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF.MB404500 - JP 2019515035-A/8: IMMUNE-BASED TREATMENT OF KRAS-VARIANT CANCER PATIENTS.MB404495 - JP 2019515035-A/3: IMMUNE-BASED TREATMENT OF KRAS-VARIANT CANCER PATIENTS.MB404493 - JP 2019515035-A/1: IMMUNE-BASED TREATMENT OF KRAS-VARIANT CANCER PATIENTS.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project h_telPathway - Telomeres, Telomerase, Cellular Aging, and ImmortalityReactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO) Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):R-HSA-170986 Ral-GDS binds to Ras-GTPR-HSA-5624494 RAF1 binds p21 RAS:GTPR-HSA-5658435 RAS GAPs bind RAS:GTPR-HSA-5672950 "Activator" RAF:YWHAB dimer binds RAS:GTPR-HSA-5674018 BRAP binds RAS:GTPR-HSA-8981355 RASA1 binds RAS:GTPR-HSA-109807 GRB2:SOS:p-Y427-SHC1 mediated nucleotide exchange of RASR-HSA-109817 GRB2:SOS1:p-Y-IRS1,p-Y-IRS2 mediated nucleotide exchange of RASR-HSA-177938 SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (EGF:EGFR:GRB2:SOS1)R-HSA-177945 SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (EGF:EGFR:SHC1:GRB2:SOS1)R-HSA-186834 Sos-mediated nucleotide exchange of Ras (PDGF receptor:Grb2:Sos)R-HSA-210977 Sos-mediated nucleotide exchange of Ras (Tie2 receptor:Grb2:Sos)R-HSA-392054 NCAM1:pFAK:Grb2:Sos-mediated nucleotide exchange of RasR-HSA-1168636 p-RasGRP1,3:DAG cause RAS to exchange GDP for GTPR-HSA-1225951 SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with ligand-responsive p-6Y-EGFR mutants)R-HSA-1225957 SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with phosphorylated SHC1 and ligand-responsive p-6Y-EGFR mutants)R-HSA-1250383 RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and p-Y349,350-SHC1:p-ERBB4R-HSA-1250463 RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and p-SHC1:Phosphorylated ERBB2 heterodimersR-HSA-1250498 RAS guanyl-nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 in complex with GRB2 and phosphorylated EGFR:ERBB2 heterodimers.R-HSA-1306972 RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange mediated by SOS1 bound to GRB2 in complex with phosphorylated ERBB4:ERBB2 heterodimersR-HSA-1433471 Activation of RAS by p-KIT bound SOS1R-HSA-2179407 SOS1-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (HB-EFG-initiated)R-HSA-2424477 SOS mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (SHC)R-HSA-5218845 p-SPHK1 phosphorylates sphingosine to sphingosine 1-phosphateR-HSA-5637806 SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with p-EGFRvIII)R-HSA-5637808 SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange of RAS (mediated by GRB2:SOS1 in complex with phosphorylated SHC1 and p-EGFRvIII)R-HSA-5654392 Activated FGFR1:p-FRS:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5654402 Activated FGFR2:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5654413 Activated FGFR3:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5654426 Activated FGFR4:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5654600 Activated FGFR1:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5654618 Activated FGFR2:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5654647 Activated FGFR3:p-SHC1:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5654663 Activated FGFR4:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5655241 Activated FGFR2 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5655277 Activated FGFR3 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5655326 Activated FGFR1 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5655347 Activated FGFR4 mutants:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5672965 RAS GEFs promote RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-5686071 GRB2-1:SOS1:p-Y-SHC mediated nucleotide exchange of RASR-HSA-5686318 GRB2-1:SOS1:p-3Y-SHC1 mediated nucleotide exchange of RASR-HSA-8851827 RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by MET-bound GRB2:SOS1R-HSA-8851877 RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by SOS1 associated with RANBP9 and METR-HSA-8851899 RAS guanyl nucleotide exchange by SOS1 bound to GRB2, SCH1-2 and METR-HSA-8853307 FGFR3 fusions:p-FRS2:GRB2:SOS1 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-8941613 Activated FGFR4:p-FRS:p-PTPN11 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-8941618 Activated FGFR2:p-FRS:p-PTPN11 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-8941623 Activated FGFR1:p-FRS:p-PTPN11 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-8941628 Activated FGFR3:p-FRS:p-PTPN11 activates RAS nucleotide exchangeR-HSA-9026891 NTRK2 activates RAS signaling through SHC1R-HSA-5658231 RAS GAPs stimulate RAS GTPase activityR-HSA-8981353 RASA1 stimulates RAS GTPase activityR-HSA-6802915 Moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants bind RAS:GTPR-HSA-6802908 RAS mutants bind inactive RAFR-HSA-6802937 Inactive BRAF mutants bind mutant RAS:GTPR-HSA-5624492 PAK phosphorylates p21 RAF1 on S338R-HSA-5672980 Dissociation of RAS:RAF complexR-HSA-5672966 RAS:GTP:'activator' RAF homo/heterodimerizes with other RAF monomersR-HSA-5674022 BRAP autoubiquitinatesR-HSA-5675431 PP2A dephosphorylates RAF1R-HSA-5675417 PEBP1 binds activated RAF1R-HSA-5675433 PP5 dephosphorylates RAF1 S338R-HSA-6802916 RAF is phosphorylated downstream of moderate kinase activity BRAF mutantsR-HSA-8936676 Moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants:RAS:GTP homo/heterodimerizeR-HSA-6802914 RAS:GTP:moderate kinase activity p-RAF complexes bind MAP2Ks and MAPKsR-HSA-6803230 Dissociation of moderate activity BRAF complexesR-HSA-6802924 RAF is phosphorylated downstream of oncogenic RAS R-HSA-6802925 Mutant RAS:p-RAF complexes bind MAP2Ks and MAPKsR-HSA-6803233 Dissociation of oncogenic RAS:RAF complexR-HSA-6802942 RAS:GTP:p-RAF complexes paradoxically bind MAP2Ks and MAPKsR-HSA-6802941 RAF is paradoxically phosphorylated downstream of kinase-inactive RAFR-HSA-6803234 Dissociation of paradoxically activated RAS:BRAF complexesR-HSA-8936731 Inactive BRAF mutants:mutant RAS:GTP bind RAF1R-HSA-171026 Guanine nucleotide exchange on RALR-HSA-5672972 MAP2Ks and MAPKs bind to the activated RAF complexR-HSA-5672969 Phosphorylation of RAFR-HSA-6802919 RAS:GTP:moderate kinase activity p-RAF complexes phosphorylate MAP2KsR-HSA-6802921 Activated MAP2Ks phosphorylate MAPKs downstream of moderate kinase activity BRAF mutantsR-HSA-6802926 Mutant RAS:p-RAF complexes phosphorylate MAP2KsR-HSA-6802922 Activated MAP2Ks phosphorylate MAPKs downstream of oncogenic RASR-HSA-6802918 Activated MAP2Ks phosphorylate MAPKs downstream of inactive BRAF mutantsR-HSA-6802943 RAS:GTP:inactive p-RAF complexes phosphorylate MAP2KsR-HSA-5672978 RAF phosphorylates MAP2K dimerR-HSA-5672973 MAP2Ks phosphorylate MAPKsR-HSA-171007 p38MAPK eventsR-HSA-5621575 CD209 (DC-SIGN) signalingR-HSA-5658442 Regulation of RAS by GAPsR-HSA-5673000 RAF activationR-HSA-5675221 Negative regulation of MAPK pathwayR-HSA-8849471 PTK6 Regulates RHO GTPases, RAS GTPase and MAP kinasesR-HSA-74751 Insulin receptor signalling cascadeR-HSA-112412 SOS-mediated signallingR-HSA-179812 GRB2 events in EGFR signalingR-HSA-180336 SHC1 events in EGFR signalingR-HSA-186763 Downstream signal transductionR-HSA-210993 Tie2 SignalingR-HSA-375165 NCAM signaling for neurite out-growthR-HSA-1169092 Activation of RAS in B cellsR-HSA-1236382 Constitutive Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Cancer VariantsR-HSA-1250347 SHC1 events in ERBB4 signalingR-HSA-1250196 SHC1 events in ERBB2 signalingR-HSA-1963640 GRB2 events in ERBB2 signalingR-HSA-1433557 Signaling by SCF-KITR-HSA-2179392 EGFR Transactivation by GastrinR-HSA-2424491 DAP12 signalingR-HSA-2871796 FCERI mediated MAPK activationR-HSA-5218921 VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferationR-HSA-5637810 Constitutive Signaling by EGFRvIIIR-HSA-5654693 FRS-mediated FGFR1 signalingR-HSA-5654699 SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR2R-HSA-5654706 FRS-mediated FGFR3 signalingR-HSA-5654719 SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR4R-HSA-5654688 SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR1R-HSA-5654700 FRS-mediated FGFR2 signalingR-HSA-5654704 SHC-mediated cascade:FGFR3R-HSA-5654712 FRS-mediated FGFR4 signalingR-HSA-5655253 Signaling by FGFR2 in diseaseR-HSA-8853338 Signaling by FGFR3 point mutants in cancerR-HSA-5655302 Signaling by FGFR1 in diseaseR-HSA-5655291 Signaling by FGFR4 in diseaseR-HSA-5673001 RAF/MAP kinase cascadeR-HSA-167044 Signalling to RASR-HSA-2428933 SHC-related events triggered by IGF1RR-HSA-8851805 MET activates RAS signalingR-HSA-8853334 Signaling by FGFR3 fusions in cancerR-HSA-9026519 Activated NTRK2 signals through RASR-HSA-9028731 Activated NTRK2 signals through FRS2 and FRS3R-HSA-6802953 RAS signaling downstream of NF1 loss-of-function variantsR-HSA-6802946 Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutantsR-HSA-6802949 Signaling by RAS mutantsR-HSA-6802955 Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAFR-HSA-5674135 MAP2K and MAPK activationR-HSA-5621481 C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)R-HSA-8848021 Signaling by PTK6R-HSA-74752 Signaling by Insulin receptorR-HSA-112399 IRS-mediated signallingR-HSA-177929 Signaling by EGFRR-HSA-186797 Signaling by PDGFR-HSA-202733 Cell surface interactions at the vascular wallR-HSA-422475 Axon guidanceR-HSA-1168372 Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR)R-HSA-5637815 Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Variants in CancerR-HSA-1236394 Signaling by ERBB4R-HSA-1227986 Signaling by ERBB2R-HSA-9006934 Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine KinasesR-HSA-881907 Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPKR-HSA-2172127 DAP12 interactionsR-HSA-2454202 Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signalingR-HSA-4420097 VEGFA-VEGFR2 PathwayR-HSA-5637812 Signaling by EGFRvIII in CancerR-HSA-5654687 Downstream signaling of activated FGFR1R-HSA-5654696 Downstream signaling of activated FGFR2R-HSA-5654708 Downstream signaling of activated FGFR3R-HSA-5654716 Downstream signaling of activated FGFR4R-HSA-1226099 Signaling by FGFR in diseaseR-HSA-5655332 Signaling by FGFR3 in diseaseR-HSA-5684996 MAPK1/MAPK3 signalingR-HSA-187687 Signalling to ERKsR-HSA-2428924 IGF1R signaling cascadeR-HSA-6806834 Signaling by METR-HSA-9006115 Signaling by NTRK2 (TRKB)R-HSA-6802957 Oncogenic MAPK signalingR-HSA-168249 Innate Immune SystemR-HSA-9006927 Signaling by Non-Receptor Tyrosine KinasesR-HSA-2428928 IRS-related events triggered by IGF1RR-HSA-109582 HemostasisR-HSA-1266738 Developmental BiologyR-HSA-983705 Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR)R-HSA-1643713 Signaling by EGFR in CancerR-HSA-162582 Signal TransductionR-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling eventsR-HSA-194138 Signaling by VEGFR-HSA-5654736 Signaling by FGFR1R-HSA-5654738 Signaling by FGFR2R-HSA-5654741 Signaling by FGFR3R-HSA-5654743 Signaling by FGFR4R-HSA-5663202 Diseases of signal transductionR-HSA-5683057 MAPK family signaling cascadesR-HSA-187037 Signaling by NTRK1 (TRKA)R-HSA-2404192 Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R)R-HSA-166520 Signaling by NTRKsR-HSA-168256 Immune SystemR-HSA-1280218 Adaptive Immune SystemR-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signallingR-HSA-190236 Signaling by FGFRR-HSA-1643685 DiseaseR-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
Other Names for This Gene
Alternate Gene Symbols: A8K8Z5, B0LPF9, ENST00000311936.1, ENST00000311936.2, ENST00000311936.3, ENST00000311936.4, ENST00000311936.5, ENST00000311936.6, ENST00000311936.7, KRAS2, NM_004985, P01116, P01118, Q96D10, RASK2, RASK_HUMAN, uc317pcr.1, uc317pcr.2UCSC ID: ENST00000311936.8_12RefSeq Accession: NM_004985.5 Protein: P01116
(aka RASK_HUMAN)
GeneReviews for This Gene
GeneReviews article(s) related to gene KRAS:cfc eccl noonan
Gene Model Information
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for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.
Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
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for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
