ID:IGF2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Insulin-like growth factor II; Short=IGF-II; AltName: Full=Somatomedin-A; Contains: RecName: Full=Insulin-like growth factor II; Contains: RecName: Full=Insulin-like growth factor II Ala-25 Del; Contains: RecName: Full=Preptin; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity. In vitro, they are potent mitogens for cultured cells. IGF-II is influenced by placental lactogen and may play a role in fetal development. FUNCTION: Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. PTM: O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Thr-96 is a minor glycosylation site compared to Thr-99. MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=7469.4; Method=MALDI; Range=25-91; Source=PubMed:12586351, PubMed:15359740; MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass=7398.3; Method=MALDI; Range=26-91; Source=PubMed:12586351, PubMed:15359740; POLYMORPHISM: Genetic variations in IGF2 are associated with body mass index (BMI). The BMI is a statistical measurement which compares a person's weight and height. DISEASE: Epigenetic changes of DNA hypomethylation in IGF2 are a cause of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) [MIM:180860]. A clinically heterogeneous condition characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation, poor postnatal growth, craniofacial features such as a triangular shaped face and a broad forehead, body asymmetry, and a variety of minor malformations. The phenotypic expression changes during childhood and adolescence, with the facial features and asymmetry usually becoming more subtle with age. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insulin family. WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/IGF2"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Insulin-like growth factor 2 entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2"; WEB RESOURCE: Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/igf2/";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P01344
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0001501 skeletal system development GO:0001503 ossification GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development GO:0001892 embryonic placenta development GO:0001934 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation GO:0002576 platelet degranulation GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0006006 glucose metabolic process GO:0006349 regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated GO:0007275 multicellular organism development GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008286 insulin receptor signaling pathway GO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity GO:0031017 exocrine pancreas development GO:0031056 regulation of histone modification GO:0038028 insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase GO:0040018 positive regulation of multicellular organism growth GO:0042104 positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation GO:0043085 positive regulation of catalytic activity GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process GO:0045725 positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process GO:0045840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0046628 positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway GO:0050731 positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation GO:0051146 striated muscle cell differentiation GO:0051147 regulation of muscle cell differentiation GO:0051781 positive regulation of cell division GO:0051897 positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling GO:0060669 embryonic placenta morphogenesis GO:0071902 positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:2000467 positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity
Cellular Component: GO:0005576 extracellular region GO:0005615 extracellular space GO:0031093 platelet alpha granule lumen
Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
LF205115 - JP 2014500723-A/12618: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. LF207985 - JP 2014500723-A/15488: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. BC011786 - Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A), mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4100006). BC073756 - Homo sapiens cDNA clone IMAGE:4123567, partial cds. BC042127 - Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A), mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4123447). AF318382 - Homo sapiens pp9974 mRNA, complete cds. AK025719 - Homo sapiens cDNA: FLJ22066 fis, clone HEP10611. LF370721 - JP 2014500723-A/178224: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. LF207987 - JP 2014500723-A/15490: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD487578 - Sequence 468602 from Patent EP1572962. JD390777 - Sequence 371801 from Patent EP1572962. AY971350 - Homo sapiens cell growth-inhibiting protein 44 mRNA, complete cds. KJ901508 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_10902 IGF2 gene, encodes complete protein. LF370722 - JP 2014500723-A/178225: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD035981 - Sequence 17005 from Patent EP1572962. JD019672 - Sequence 696 from Patent EP1572962. LF370723 - JP 2014500723-A/178226: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD479855 - Sequence 460879 from Patent EP1572962. JD384837 - Sequence 365861 from Patent EP1572962. LF370724 - JP 2014500723-A/178227: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD027314 - Sequence 8338 from Patent EP1572962. JD023052 - Sequence 4076 from Patent EP1572962. JD366035 - Sequence 347059 from Patent EP1572962. JD035723 - Sequence 16747 from Patent EP1572962. JD021903 - Sequence 2927 from Patent EP1572962. JD024039 - Sequence 5063 from Patent EP1572962. JD024040 - Sequence 5064 from Patent EP1572962. JD026387 - Sequence 7411 from Patent EP1572962. JD028983 - Sequence 10007 from Patent EP1572962. LF370726 - JP 2014500723-A/178229: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD275876 - Sequence 256900 from Patent EP1572962. LF370728 - JP 2014500723-A/178231: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. LF370729 - JP 2014500723-A/178232: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD022902 - Sequence 3926 from Patent EP1572962. JD027329 - Sequence 8353 from Patent EP1572962. JD034069 - Sequence 15093 from Patent EP1572962. JD025057 - Sequence 6081 from Patent EP1572962. JD035406 - Sequence 16430 from Patent EP1572962. JD028425 - Sequence 9449 from Patent EP1572962. LF370730 - JP 2014500723-A/178233: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. DQ104203 - Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor type 2 (IGF2) mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced. DQ104205 - Homo sapiens INSIGF long transcript variant mRNA, complete cds, alternatively spliced. LF370731 - JP 2014500723-A/178234: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. LF370732 - JP 2014500723-A/178235: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. S77035 - insulin-like growth factor II [human, small cell lung cancer cell line T3M-11, mRNA, 1322 nt]. BC053318 - Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A), mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:6284227), partial cds. AF217977 - Homo sapiens clone PP1446 unknown mRNA. BC000531 - Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:8683 IMAGE:2964584), complete cds. AK291594 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ78037 complete cds, highly similar to Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A), mRNA. LF370733 - JP 2014500723-A/178236: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. J03242 - Human insulin-lke growth factor II mRNA, complete cds. M29645 - Human insulin-like growth factor II mRNA, complete cds. X00910 - Homo sapiens mRNA for preproinsulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), (IGF2 gene). JD436642 - Sequence 417666 from Patent EP1572962. JD532819 - Sequence 513843 from Patent EP1572962. JD218204 - Sequence 199228 from Patent EP1572962. JD256473 - Sequence 237497 from Patent EP1572962. LF370734 - JP 2014500723-A/178237: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD393456 - Sequence 374480 from Patent EP1572962. X06159 - Human mRNA for insulin-like growth factor II (clone P35). JD203708 - Sequence 184732 from Patent EP1572962. M17863 - Human preproinsulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) variant mRNA, complete cds. JD141471 - Sequence 122495 from Patent EP1572962. JD060048 - Sequence 41072 from Patent EP1572962. JD141335 - Sequence 122359 from Patent EP1572962. DQ892721 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100005351; FLH189105.01X; RZPDo839B0874D insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) (IGF2) gene, encodes complete protein. DQ895970 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100010430; FLH189101.01L; RZPDo839B0864D insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) (IGF2) gene, encodes complete protein. AK313938 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ94578, Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) (IGF2),mRNA. M17426 - Human prepro-insulin-like growth factor II (prepro-IGF-II) mRNA, complete cds. KJ891442 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_00836 IGF2 gene, encodes complete protein. BT007013 - Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) mRNA, complete cds. AB528666 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB6885, Homo sapiens IGF2 gene for insulin-like growth factor 2, without stop codon, in Flexi system. LF370735 - JP 2014500723-A/178238: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. X06160 - Homo sapiens pre-mRNA for insulin-like growth factor II precursor, clone P21. CU674260 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100017976 5' read IGF2 mRNA. HM481219 - Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor II transcript variant 3 isoform 2 (IGF2) mRNA, partial cds, alternatively spliced. HM481220 - Homo sapiens insulin-like growth factor II transcript variant 3 isoform 1 (IGF2) mRNA, partial cds, alternatively spliced. X06161 - Human mRNA for insulin-like growth factor II (clone P22). LF370736 - JP 2014500723-A/178239: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. S51971 - insulin-like growth factor-II {5' region} [human, placenta, mRNA Partial, 100 nt]. LF212165 - JP 2014500723-A/19668: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. X06260 - Human hepatoma mRNA 5'term. for insulin-like growth factor II. JD256450 - Sequence 237474 from Patent EP1572962. JD334962 - Sequence 315986 from Patent EP1572962. JD146874 - Sequence 127898 from Patent EP1572962. JD524137 - Sequence 505161 from Patent EP1572962. JD191035 - Sequence 172059 from Patent EP1572962. LF370737 - JP 2014500723-A/178240: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. JD161392 - Sequence 142416 from Patent EP1572962. JD140988 - Sequence 122012 from Patent EP1572962. JD129270 - Sequence 110294 from Patent EP1572962. JD144222 - Sequence 125246 from Patent EP1572962. JD457927 - Sequence 438951 from Patent EP1572962. JD057250 - Sequence 38274 from Patent EP1572962. LF370738 - JP 2014500723-A/178241: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. LF370739 - JP 2014500723-A/178242: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. LF370740 - JP 2014500723-A/178243: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA440692 - JP 2018138019-A/12618: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606298 - JP 2018138019-A/178224: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606299 - JP 2018138019-A/178225: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606300 - JP 2018138019-A/178226: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606301 - JP 2018138019-A/178227: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606303 - JP 2018138019-A/178229: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606305 - JP 2018138019-A/178231: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606306 - JP 2018138019-A/178232: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606307 - JP 2018138019-A/178233: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606308 - JP 2018138019-A/178234: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606309 - JP 2018138019-A/178235: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606310 - JP 2018138019-A/178236: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606311 - JP 2018138019-A/178237: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606312 - JP 2018138019-A/178238: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606313 - JP 2018138019-A/178239: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606314 - JP 2018138019-A/178240: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606315 - JP 2018138019-A/178241: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606316 - JP 2018138019-A/178242: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA606317 - JP 2018138019-A/178243: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA443562 - JP 2018138019-A/15488: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA443564 - JP 2018138019-A/15490: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs. MA447742 - JP 2018138019-A/19668: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P01344 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
R-HSA-381412 IGFBP2 binds IGF forming IGF:IGFBP2 R-HSA-381487 IGFBP1 binds IGF forming IGF:IGFBP1 R-HSA-381496 Formation of the IGF:IGFBP3:ALS complex R-HSA-381503 IGFBP6 binds IGF forming IGF:IGFBP6 R-HSA-381543 IGFBP4 binds IGF forming IGF:IGFBP4 R-HSA-381545 Formation of the IGF:IGFBP5:ALS complex R-HSA-2404200 IGF1,2 binds IGF1R R-HSA-381435 Matrix metalloproteinase proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP3:ALS R-HSA-381446 Thrombin proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP3:ALS R-HSA-381461 Plasmin proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP-3:ALS R-HSA-381466 Prostate-specific Antigen proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP3:ALS R-HSA-381500 Cathepsin G proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP3:ALS R-HSA-381518 PAAP-A proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP4 R-HSA-381537 PAPP-A2 proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP5:ALS R-HSA-2404199 IGF1,2:IGF1R autophosphorylates R-HSA-2404195 IGF1,2:p-Y1161,1165,1166-IGF1R binds SHC1 R-HSA-2428922 IGF1,2:p-Y1161,1165,1166-IGF1R binds IRS2 R-HSA-2428930 IGF1,2:p-Y1161,1165,1166-IGF1R binds IRS1,4 R-HSA-5686072 p-3Y-SHC1 dissociates from IGF1R R-HSA-481007 Exocytosis of platelet alpha granule contents R-HSA-2404193 IGF1R phosphorylates SHC1 R-HSA-2428926 IGF1,2:p-Y1161,1165,1166-IGF1R phosphorylates IRS1,2,4 R-HSA-381426 Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) R-HSA-2404192 Signaling by Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) R-HSA-2428933 SHC-related events triggered by IGF1R R-HSA-2428928 IRS-related events triggered by IGF1R R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins R-HSA-9006934 Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases R-HSA-114608 Platelet degranulation R-HSA-2428924 IGF1R signaling cascade R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction R-HSA-76005 Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ R-HSA-76002 Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis