Human Gene F2 (ENST00000311907.10_4) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: coagulation factor II, thrombin (from RefSeq NM_000506.5)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000311907.10_4
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000180210.15_11
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr11:46,740,763-46,761,056 Size: 20,294 Total Exon Count: 14 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr11:46,740,786-46,760,958 Size: 20,173 Coding Exon Count: 14 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
GO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesGeneReviewsModel Information
Methods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr11:46,740,763-46,761,056)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (622 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
HGNCMalacardsMGIOMIMPubMedReactome
UniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: THRB_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Prothrombin; EC=3.4.21.5; AltName: Full=Coagulation factor II; Contains: RecName: Full=Activation peptide fragment 1; Contains: RecName: Full=Activation peptide fragment 2; Contains: RecName: Full=Thrombin light chain; Contains: RecName: Full=Thrombin heavy chain; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Selective cleavage of Arg-|-Gly bonds in fibrinogen to form fibrin and release fibrinopeptides A and B.
ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by SERPINA5.
SUBUNIT: Heterodimer (named alpha-thrombin) of a light and a heavy chain; disulfide-linked. Forms a heterodimer with SERPINA5.
INTERACTION: Q846V4:- (xeno); NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-297094, EBI-989571; P07204:THBD; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-297094, EBI-941422;
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma.
PTM: The gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues, which bind calcium ions, result from the carboxylation of glutamyl residues by a microsomal enzyme, the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. The modified residues are necessary for the calcium-dependent interaction with a negatively charged phospholipid surface, which is essential for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
PTM: N-glycosylated. N-glycan heterogeneity at Asn-121: Hex3HexNAc3 (minor), Hex4HexNAc3 (minor) and Hex5HexNAc4 (major). At Asn-143: Hex4HexNAc3 (minor) and Hex5HexNAc4 (major).
DISEASE: Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:613679]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.
DISEASE: Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.
DISEASE: Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:188050]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis.
DISEASE: Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:614390]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.
PHARMACEUTICAL: The peptide TP508 also known as Chrysalin (Orthologic) could be used to accelerate repair of both soft and hard tissues.
MISCELLANEOUS: Prothrombin is activated on the surface of a phospholipid membrane that binds the amino end of prothrombin and factors Va and Xa in Ca-dependent interactions; factor Xa removes the activation peptide and cleaves the remaining part into light and heavy chains. The activation process starts slowly because factor V itself has to be activated by the initial, small amounts of thrombin.
MISCELLANEOUS: It is not known whether 1 or 2 smaller activation peptides, with additional cleavage after Arg-314, are released in natural blood clotting.
MISCELLANEOUS: Thrombin can itself cleave the N-terminal fragment (fragment 1) of the prothrombin, prior to its activation by factor Xa.
MISCELLANEOUS: The cleavage after Arg-198, observed in vitro, does not occur in plasma.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.
SIMILARITY: Contains 1 Gla (gamma-carboxy-glutamate) domain.
SIMILARITY: Contains 2 kringle domains.
SIMILARITY: Contains 1 peptidase S1 domain.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Thrombin entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombin";
WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/F2";
WEB RESOURCE: Name=SeattleSNPs; URL="http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/f2/";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

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Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
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To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: F2
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: hypoprothrombinemia* (1722), pregnancy loss, recurrent 2* (594), stroke, ischemic* (422), thrombophilia due to thrombin defect* (399), prothrombin-related thrombophilia* (100), thrombophilia (75), thrombosis (50), alcoholic hepatitis (41), liver disease (40), acute liver failure (37), portal vein thrombosis (34), viral hepatitis (33), hypersplenism (30), vitamin k deficiency hemorrhagic disease (29), liver cirrhosis (27), antiphospholipid syndrome (26), vein disease (25), hepatic encephalopathy (25), hepatic coma (24), factor x deficiency (24), disseminated intravascular coagulation (22), pulmonary embolism (20), factor vii deficiency (20), paracetamol poisoning (19), esophageal varix (18), hepatic vascular disease (18), cerebral sinovenous thrombosis* (18), peripheral vertigo (18), protein s deficiency (18), protein c deficiency (17), hepatorenal syndrome (17), thrombophlebitis (17), endocarditis (16), intracranial hypertension (16), hemophilia b (16), ischemic colitis (16), hemorrhagic disease (16), hepatic tuberculosis (15), hemoglobin e disease (15), papilledema (15), portal hypertension (15), hilar cholangiocellular carcinoma (15), hepatitis a (15), placental abruption (14), urethral false passage (14), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (14), von willebrand's disease (14), venous insufficiency (13), livedoid vasculopathy (13), cavernous hemangioma (13), hepatitis e (13), sagittal sinus thrombosis (13), infective endocarditis (13), hemophilia a (13), retinal artery occlusion (13), fournier gangrene (13), scott syndrome (13), non-a-e hepatitis (12), purpura fulminans (12), thrombophilia due to antithrombin iii deficiency (12), factor v deficiency (12), factor xi deficiency, autosomal recessive (12), nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (12), post-thrombotic syndrome (12), blood coagulation disease (11), sudden sensorineural hearing loss (11), buerger disease (11), marantic endocarditis (11), autoimmune hepatitis (11), hepatitis b (11), budd-chiari syndrome (11), sneddon syndrome (11), giant hemangioma (11), dengue hemorrhagic fever (10), von willebrand disease, type 1 (10), blood protein disease (10), hepatoportal sclerosis (10), spinal cord infarction (10), retinal vein occlusion (10), kwashiorkor (10), compartment syndrome (10), malignant otitis externa (10), central retinal vein occlusion (9), bilirubin metabolic disorder (9), eccrine adenocarcinoma (9), hypochondriasis (9), splenic disease (9), thrombophilia due to activated protein c resistance (9), cholecystitis (9), osteonecrosis (9), thrombocytosis (9), abdominal tuberculosis (9), choledocholithiasis (9), sick sinus syndrome (9), primary biliary cirrhosis (9), leptospirosis (8), patent foramen ovale (8), blue toe syndrome (8), porencephaly (8), lumbosacral lipoma (8), epstein-barr virus hepatitis (8), thrombasthenia (8), glanzmann thrombasthenia (8), parametritis (8), obstructive jaundice (8), purpura (7), bernard-soulier syndrome, type c (7), peliosis hepatis (7), hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (7), hepatitis (7), hepatitis d (7), intermittent claudication (7), hemophilia (7), spotted fever (7), cerebral falx meningioma (7), suprasellar meningioma (7), ischemic optic neuropathy (7), urethral calculus (7), analbuminemia (7), active peptic ulcer disease (7), immune system disease (7), placental insufficiency (7), eclampsia (7), enterocele (7), cholangitis (7), alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency (7), anterior spinal artery syndrome (6), cerebrovascular disease (6), arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (6), adult respiratory distress syndrome (6), anterior compartment syndrome (6), cardiac tamponade (6), inherited blood coagulation disease (6), intestinal impaction (6), maxillonasal dysplasia, binder type (6), sickle cell anemia (6), intracranial embolism (6), splenic infarction (6), marburg hemorrhagic fever (6), vulvovaginal candidiasis (6), prolapse of female genital organ (6), dysfibrinogenemia (6), frey syndrome (6), schistosomiasis (6), homocysteinemia (6), hellp syndrome (6), pulmonary edema (6), peritonitis (6), peripheral vascular disease (6), hemorrhagic fever (6), retinal vascular occlusion (6), afibrinogenemia (6), severe hemophilia a (6), wilson disease (6), mesenteric vascular occlusion (6), hemangioma of liver (6), leech infestation (5), ischemic neuropathy (5), chronic monocytic leukemia (5), vascular hemostatic disease (5), coenurosis (5), retinitis pigmentosa, y-linked (5), cerebral palsy (5), ascending cholangitis (5), afibrinogenemia, congenital (5), factor xiii deficiency (5), taylor's syndrome (5), nutritional deficiency disease (5), atrial fibrillation (5), femoral neuropathy (5), stormorken syndrome (5), endometrial small cell carcinoma (5), branch retinal artery occlusion (5), orbital cyst (4), hepatocellular carcinoma (4), hepatic infarction (4), heart conduction disease (4), korean hemorrhagic fever (4), subendocardial myocardial infarction (4), anterior cranial fossa meningioma (4), endocardium disease (4), alcohol-related birth defect (4), exhibitionism (4), ischemic bone disease (4), basilar artery occlusion (4), atrial heart septal defect (4), squamous cell papilloma (4), phencyclidine abuse (4), pre-eclampsia (3), artery disease (2), heart disease (2), essential thrombocythemia (2), obesity (2), blood platelet disease (2), gastrointestinal system disease (2), myocardial infarction (2), bile duct disease (1), biliary tract disease (1), gastrointestinal system cancer (1)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 358.14 RPKM in Liver
Total median expression: 362.73 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -2.7023-0.117 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -22.1098-0.226 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR017857 - Coagulation_fac_subgr_Gla_dom
IPR000294 - GLA_domain
IPR000001 - Kringle
IPR013806 - Kringle-like
IPR018056 - Kringle_CS
IPR009003 - Pept_cys/ser_Trypsin-like
IPR018114 - Peptidase_S1/S6_AS
IPR001254 - Peptidase_S1_S6
IPR001314 - Peptidase_S1A
IPR003966 - Peptidase_S1A_prothrombin
IPR018992 - Thrombin_light_chain

Pfam Domains:
PF00051 - Kringle domain
PF00089 - Trypsin
PF00594 - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation/gamma-carboxyglutamic (GLA) domain
PF09396 - Thrombin light chain

SCOP Domains:
50494 - Trypsin-like serine proteases
57440 - Kringle-like
57630 - GLA-domain

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help
1A2C - X-ray 1A3B - X-ray 1A3E - X-ray 1A46 - X-ray 1A4W - X-ray 1A5G - X-ray 1A61 - X-ray 1ABI - X-ray MuPIT 1ABJ - X-ray 1AD8 - X-ray 1AE8 - X-ray 1AFE - X-ray 1AHT - X-ray 1AI8 - X-ray 1AIX - X-ray 1AWF - X-ray 1AWH - X-ray 1AY6 - X-ray 1B5G - X-ray 1B7X - X-ray 1BA8 - X-ray 1BB0 - X-ray 1BCU - X-ray 1BHX - X-ray 1BMM - X-ray 1BMN - X-ray 1BTH - X-ray 1C1U - X-ray 1C1V - X-ray 1C1W - X-ray 1C4U - X-ray 1C4V - X-ray 1C4Y - X-ray 1C5L - X-ray 1C5N - X-ray 1C5O - X-ray 1CA8 - X-ray 1D3D - X-ray 1D3P - X-ray MuPIT 1D3Q - X-ray MuPIT 1D3T - X-ray MuPIT 1D4P - X-ray MuPIT 1D6W - X-ray 1D9I - X-ray 1DE7 - X-ray 1DIT - X-ray 1DM4 - X-ray MuPIT 1DOJ - X-ray 1DWB - X-ray MuPIT 1DWC - X-ray MuPIT 1DWD - X-ray MuPIT 1DWE - X-ray 1DX5 - X-ray MuPIT 1E0F - X-ray 1EB1 - X-ray 1EOJ - X-ray 1EOL - X-ray 1FPC - X-ray 1FPH - X-ray 1G30 - X-ray 1G32 - X-ray 1G37 - X-ray 1GHV - X-ray 1GHW - X-ray 1GHX - X-ray 1GHY - X-ray 1GJ4 - X-ray 1GJ5 - X-ray 1H8D - X-ray 1H8I - X-ray 1HAG - X-ray MuPIT 1HAH - X-ray MuPIT 1HAI - X-ray 1HAO - X-ray 1HAP - X-ray 1HBT - X-ray 1HDT - X-ray 1HGT - X-ray MuPIT 1HLT - X-ray MuPIT 1HUT - X-ray 1HXE - X-ray 1HXF - X-ray 1IHS - X-ray MuPIT 1IHT - X-ray 1JMO - X-ray MuPIT 1JOU - X-ray MuPIT 1JWT - X-ray MuPIT 1K21 - X-ray 1K22 - X-ray 1KTS - X-ray 1KTT - X-ray 1LHC - X-ray 1LHD - X-ray 1LHE - X-ray 1LHF - X-ray 1LHG - X-ray 1MH0 - X-ray MuPIT 1MU6 - X-ray 1MU8 - X-ray 1MUE - X-ray 1NM6 - X-ray 1NO9 - X-ray 1NRN - X-ray MuPIT 1NRO - X-ray MuPIT 1NRP - X-ray MuPIT 1NRQ - X-ray MuPIT 1NRR - X-ray 1NRS - X-ray MuPIT 1NT1 - X-ray 1NU7 - X-ray 1NU9 - X-ray 1NY2 - X-ray 1NZQ - X-ray MuPIT 1O0D - X-ray MuPIT 1O2G - X-ray 1O5G - X-ray 1OOK - X-ray MuPIT 1OYT - X-ray MuPIT 1P8V - X-ray MuPIT 1PPB - X-ray MuPIT 1QBV - X-ray MuPIT 1QHR - X-ray 1QJ1 - X-ray 1QJ6 - X-ray 1QJ7 - X-ray 1QUR - X-ray 1RD3 - X-ray MuPIT 1RIW - X-ray 1SB1 - X-ray 1SFQ - X-ray MuPIT 1SG8 - X-ray MuPIT 1SGI - X-ray MuPIT 1SHH - X-ray MuPIT 1SL3 - X-ray 1SR5 - X-ray 1T4U - X-ray MuPIT 1T4V - X-ray MuPIT 1TA2 - X-ray 1TA6 - X-ray 1TB6 - X-ray MuPIT 1TBZ - X-ray 1THP - X-ray 1THR - X-ray MuPIT 1THS - X-ray 1TMB - X-ray 1TMT - X-ray 1TMU - X-ray 1TOM - X-ray 1TQ0 - X-ray MuPIT 1TQ7 - X-ray MuPIT 1TWX - X-ray MuPIT 1UMA - X-ray 1UVS - X-ray 1VR1 - X-ray MuPIT 1VZQ - X-ray MuPIT 1W7G - X-ray 1WAY - X-ray 1WBG - X-ray 1XM1 - X-ray 1XMN - X-ray 1YPE - X-ray 1YPG - X-ray 1YPJ - X-ray 1YPK - X-ray 1YPL - X-ray 1YPM - X-ray 1Z71 - X-ray 1Z8I - X-ray MuPIT 1Z8J - X-ray MuPIT 1ZGI - X-ray 1ZGV - X-ray 1ZRB - X-ray 2A0Q - X-ray MuPIT 2A2X - X-ray 2A45 - X-ray 2AFQ - X-ray MuPIT 2ANK - X-ray 2ANM - X-ray MuPIT 2B5T - X-ray MuPIT 2BDY - X-ray 2BVR - X-ray 2BVS - X-ray 2BVX - X-ray 2BXT - X-ray 2BXU - X-ray 2C8W - X-ray 2C8X - X-ray 2C8Y - X-ray 2C8Z - X-ray 2C90 - X-ray 2C93 - X-ray 2CF8 - X-ray MuPIT 2CF9 - X-ray MuPIT 2CN0 - X-ray MuPIT 2FEQ - X-ray 2FES - X-ray 2GDE - X-ray 2GP9 - X-ray MuPIT 2H9T - X-ray 2HGT - X-ray MuPIT 2HNT - X-ray MuPIT 2HPP - X-ray 2HPQ - X-ray 2HWL - X-ray MuPIT 2JH0 - X-ray 2JH5 - X-ray 2JH6 - X-ray 2OD3 - X-ray MuPIT 2PGB - X-ray MuPIT 2PGQ - X-ray MuPIT 2PKS - X-ray 2PW8 - X-ray 2R2M - X-ray 2THF - X-ray 2UUF - X-ray 2UUJ - X-ray 2UUK - X-ray 2V3H - X-ray MuPIT 2V3O - X-ray MuPIT 2ZC9 - X-ray 2ZDA - X-ray 2ZDV - X-ray 2ZF0 - X-ray 2ZFF - X-ray 2ZFP - X-ray 2ZFQ - X-ray 2ZFR - X-ray 2ZG0 - X-ray 2ZGB - X-ray 2ZGX - X-ray 2ZHE - X-ray 2ZHF - X-ray 2ZHQ - X-ray 2ZHW - X-ray 2ZI2 - X-ray 2ZIQ - X-ray 2ZNK - X-ray 2ZO3 - X-ray 3B23 - X-ray MuPIT 3B9F - X-ray MuPIT 3BEF - X-ray MuPIT 3BEI - X-ray MuPIT 3BF6 - X-ray 3BIU - X-ray 3BIV - X-ray 3BV9 - X-ray MuPIT 3C1K - X-ray MuPIT 3C27 - X-ray 3D49 - X-ray 3DA9 - X-ray 3DD2 - X-ray 3DHK - X-ray 3DT0 - X-ray 3DUX - X-ray 3E6P - X-ray 3EE0 - X-ray MuPIT 3EGK - X-ray 3EQ0 - X-ray 3F68 - X-ray 3GIC - X-ray MuPIT 3GIS - X-ray MuPIT 3HAT - X-ray 3HKJ - X-ray MuPIT 3HTC - X-ray 3JZ1 - X-ray MuPIT 3JZ2 - X-ray MuPIT 3K65 - X-ray MuPIT 3LDX - X-ray MuPIT 3LU9 - X-ray MuPIT 3NXP - X-ray MuPIT 3P17 - X-ray 3P6Z - X-ray MuPIT 3P70 - X-ray MuPIT 3PMH - X-ray MuPIT 3PO1 - X-ray 3QDZ - X-ray MuPIT 3QGN - X-ray MuPIT 3QLP - X-ray 3QTO - X-ray 3QTV - X-ray 3QWC - X-ray 3QX5 - X-ray 3R3G - X-ray MuPIT 3RLW - X-ray 3RLY - X-ray 3RM0 - X-ray 3RM2 - X-ray 3RML - X-ray 3RMM - X-ray 3RMN - X-ray 3RMO - X-ray 3S7H - X-ray 3S7K - X-ray MuPIT 3SHA - X-ray 3SHC - X-ray 3SI3 - X-ray 3SI4 - X-ray 3SQE - X-ray MuPIT 3SQH - X-ray MuPIT 3SV2 - X-ray 3T5F - X-ray 3TU7 - X-ray 3U69 - X-ray 3U8O - X-ray 3U8R - X-ray 3U8T - X-ray 3UTU - X-ray 4AX9 - X-ray 4AYV - X-ray 4AYY - X-ray 4AZ2 - X-ray 4DIH - X-ray 4DII - X-ray 4DT7 - X-ray MuPIT 4DY7 - X-ray MuPIT 4E7R - X-ray 4HTC - X-ray MuPIT 4THN - X-ray 5GDS - X-ray 7KME - X-ray 8KME - X-ray


ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P00734
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The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
Gene SorterGene Sorter    
 RGDEnsembl   
      
      

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0001530 lipopolysaccharide binding
GO:0004252 serine-type endopeptidase activity
GO:0005102 receptor binding
GO:0005509 calcium ion binding
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0008083 growth factor activity
GO:0008201 heparin binding
GO:0008233 peptidase activity
GO:0008236 serine-type peptidase activity
GO:0016787 hydrolase activity
GO:0070053 thrombospondin receptor activity

Biological Process:
GO:0001934 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0006508 proteolysis
GO:0006888 ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
GO:0006953 acute-phase response
GO:0007166 cell surface receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007275 multicellular organism development
GO:0007596 blood coagulation
GO:0007597 blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
GO:0007599 hemostasis
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0008360 regulation of cell shape
GO:0009611 response to wounding
GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0010544 negative regulation of platelet activation
GO:0014068 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
GO:0030168 platelet activation
GO:0030193 regulation of blood coagulation
GO:0030194 positive regulation of blood coagulation
GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth
GO:0030449 regulation of complement activation
GO:0032967 positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
GO:0042730 fibrinolysis
GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process
GO:0045861 negative regulation of proteolysis
GO:0046427 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
GO:0048712 negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation
GO:0051281 positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
GO:0051480 regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
GO:0051838 cytolysis by host of symbiont cells
GO:0051918 negative regulation of fibrinolysis
GO:0070945 neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium
GO:0090218 positive regulation of lipid kinase activity
GO:1900016 negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
GO:1900182 positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus
GO:1900738 positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:2000379 positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005796 Golgi lumen
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
GO:0072562 blood microparticle
GO:0009897 external side of plasma membrane


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  LF205774 - JP 2014500723-A/13277: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
AK312965 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ93425, highly similar to Homo sapiens coagulation factor II (thrombin) (F2), mRNA.
AK303747 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ54398 complete cds, highly similar to Prothrombin precursor (EC 3.4.21.5).
AJ972449 - Homo sapiens mRNA for prothrombin (coagulation factor II gene).
M33031 - Human thrombin mRNA, 5'end.
BC051332 - Homo sapiens coagulation factor II (thrombin), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:59803 IMAGE:6283420), complete cds.
AK222777 - Homo sapiens mRNA for coagulation factor II precursor variant, clone: HEP00190.
AK293326 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ54622 complete cds, highly similar to Prothrombin precursor (EC 3.4.21.5).
AK222775 - Homo sapiens mRNA for coagulation factor II precursor variant, clone: HEP00515.
EU832664 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone HAIB:100067693; DKFZo008G0631 coagulation factor II (thrombin) protein (F2) gene, encodes complete protein.
EU832742 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone HAIB:100067771; DKFZo004G0632 coagulation factor II (thrombin) protein (F2) gene, encodes complete protein.
AB591029 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pFN21AE2032, Homo sapiens F2 gene for coagulation factor II, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
V00595 - Homo sapiens mRNA for prothrombin.
LF348014 - JP 2014500723-A/155517: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
AY344793 - Homo sapiens prothrombin mRNA, partial cds.
AY344794 - Homo sapiens prothrombin B-chain mRNA, partial cds.
LF348013 - JP 2014500723-A/155516: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
JD078600 - Sequence 59624 from Patent EP1572962.
MA583591 - JP 2018138019-A/155517: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA583590 - JP 2018138019-A/155516: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA441351 - JP 2018138019-A/13277: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project
h_dbpbPathway - Transcriptional activation of dbpb from mRNA
h_extrinsicPathway - Extrinsic Prothrombin Activation Pathway
h_Par1Pathway - Thrombin signaling and protease-activated receptors
h_nfatPathway - NFAT and Hypertrophy of the heart (Transcription in the broken heart)
h_sppaPathway - Aspirin Blocks Signaling Pathway Involved in Platelet Activation
h_plateletAppPathway - Platelet Amyloid Precursor Protein Pathway
h_biopeptidesPathway - Bioactive Peptide Induced Signaling Pathway
h_amiPathway - Acute Myocardial Infarction
h_fibrinolysisPathway - Fibrinolysis Pathway
h_intrinsicPathway - Intrinsic Prothrombin Activation Pathway

Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P00734 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-140664 prothrombin -> activated thrombin (factor IIa) + thrombin activation peptide (prothrombinase catalyst)
R-HSA-140700 prothrombin -> activated thrombin (factor IIa) + thrombin activation peptide (Xa catalyst)
R-HSA-159826 GGCX gamma-carboxylates F2(25-622) (pro-prothrombin)
R-HSA-159728 Furin cleaves pro-prothrombin to prothrombin
R-HSA-140791 activated thrombin (factor IIa) + antithrombin III:heparin -> thrombin:antithrombin III:heparin
R-HSA-141046 activated thrombin (factor IIa) + thrombomodulin -> activated thrombin:thrombomodulin
R-HSA-389463 Proteinase-activated receptors can bind thrombin
R-HSA-429529 Thrombin binding to GP1b:IX:V
R-HSA-5578883 Heparin cofactor 2 (SERPIND1) binds activated thrombin (factor IIa)
R-HSA-5602080 Protease nexin-1 (PN1) is a specific and extremely efficient inhibitor of thrombin.
R-HSA-140872 thrombin:cleaved antithrombin III:heparin -> thrombin:cleaved antithrombin III + heparin
R-HSA-749452 The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates
R-HSA-114697 Thrombin-mediated activation of Proteinase-activated receptors
R-HSA-140599 factor XIII -> factor XIII cleaved tetramer + 2 factor XIII A activation peptides
R-HSA-140696 factor V -> factor Va + factor V activation peptide
R-HSA-140840 fibrinogen -> fibrin monomer + 2 fibrinopeptide A + 2 fibrinopeptide B
R-HSA-158137 factor VIII:von Willibrand factor multimer -> factor VIIIa + factor VIIIa B A3 acidic polypeptide + von Willibrand factor multimer
R-HSA-158419 factor XI:platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib:IX:V complex -> factor XIa:platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib:IX:V complex (thrombin catalyst)
R-HSA-381446 Thrombin proteolyzes IGF:IGFBP3:ALS
R-HSA-140870 thrombin:antithrombin III:heparin -> thrombin:cleaved antithrombin III:heparin
R-HSA-749448 Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq
R-HSA-8852716 Thrombin, ELANE cleave C5
R-HSA-141040 Activated thrombin:thrombomodulin cleaves PROCR:Protein C to PROCR:Activated protein C
R-HSA-379048 Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
R-HSA-140875 Common Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation
R-HSA-159740 Gamma-carboxylation of protein precursors
R-HSA-159782 Removal of aminoterminal propeptides from gamma-carboxylated proteins
R-HSA-159763 Transport of gamma-carboxylated protein precursors from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus
R-HSA-375276 Peptide ligand-binding receptors
R-HSA-76009 Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)
R-HSA-140877 Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade)
R-HSA-159854 Gamma-carboxylation, transport, and amino-terminal cleavage of proteins
R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events
R-HSA-373076 Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
R-HSA-76002 Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation
R-HSA-456926 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
R-HSA-140837 Intrinsic Pathway of Fibrin Clot Formation
R-HSA-381426 Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis
R-HSA-163841 Gamma carboxylation, hypusine formation and arylsulfatase activation
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-977606 Regulation of Complement cascade
R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-202733 Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall
R-HSA-597592 Post-translational protein modification
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-166658 Complement cascade
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction
R-HSA-168249 Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256 Immune System

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: B2R7F7, B4E1A7, ENST00000311907.1, ENST00000311907.2, ENST00000311907.3, ENST00000311907.4, ENST00000311907.5, ENST00000311907.6, ENST00000311907.7, ENST00000311907.8, ENST00000311907.9, NM_000506, P00734, Q4QZ40, Q53H04, Q53H06, Q69EZ7, Q7Z7P3, Q9UCA1, THRB_HUMAN, uc317pci.1, uc317pci.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000311907.10_4
RefSeq Accession: NM_000506.5
Protein: P00734 (aka THRB_HUMAN)

-  GeneReviews for This Gene
  GeneReviews article(s) related to gene F2:
ptt (Prothrombin Thrombophilia)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.