Human Gene APOB (ENST00000233242.5_7) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: apolipoprotein B (from RefSeq NM_000384.3)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000233242.5_7
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000084674.15_14
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr2:21,224,301-21,266,945 Size: 42,645 Total Exon Count: 29 Strand: -
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr2:21,224,602-21,266,817 Size: 42,216 Coding Exon Count: 29 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesRNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther Species
GO AnnotationsmRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesGeneReviewsModel Information
Methods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr2:21,224,301-21,266,945)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (4563 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
HGNCMalacardsMGIOMIMPubMedReactome
UniProtKBWikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: APOB_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Apolipoprotein B-100; Short=Apo B-100; Contains: RecName: Full=Apolipoprotein B-48; Short=Apo B-48; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). Apo B-100 functions as a recognition signal for the cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles by the apoB/E receptor.
SUBUNIT: Interacts with PCSK9.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Secreted.
INDUCTION: Up-regulated in response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection (at protein level).
PTM: Palmitoylated; structural requirement for proper assembly of the hydrophobic core of the lipoprotein particle.
RNA EDITING: Modified_positions=2180; Note=The stop codon (UAA) at position 2180 is created by RNA editing. Apo B-48, derived from the fully edited RNA, is produced only in the intestine and is found in chylomicrons. Apo B-48 is a shortened form of apo B-100 which lacks the LDL-receptor region. The unedited version (apo B- 100) is produced by the liver and is found in the VLDL and LDL.
DISEASE: Defects in APOB are a cause of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia type 1 (FHBL1) [MIM:107730]. A disorder characterized by highly reduced plasma concentrations of low density lipoproteins, and dietary fat malabsorption. Clinical presentation may vary from no symptoms to severe gastrointestinal and neurological dysfunction similar to abetalipoproteinemia.
DISEASE: Defects in APOB are a cause of familial ligand-defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB) [MIM:144010]. FDB is a dominantly inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism leading to hypercholesterolemia and increased proneness to coronary artery disease (CAD). The plasma cholesterol levels are dramatically elevated due to impaired clearance of LDL particles by defective APOB/E receptors.
DISEASE: Note=Defects in APOB associated with defects in other genes (polygenic) can contribute to hypocholesterolemia.
SIMILARITY: Contains 1 vitellogenin domain.
SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=AAA51752.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=942, 951, 1139, 1165, 1164, 1371, 1385;
WEB RESOURCE: Name=GeneReviews; URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/APOB";
WEB RESOURCE: Name=SHMPD; Note=The Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database; URL="http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=APOB";
WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Apolipoprotein B entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_B";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: APOB
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: hypobetalipoproteinemia* (1369), hypercholesterolemia, due to ligand-defective apo b* (821), abetalipoproteinemia* (317), homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia* (212), hypercholesterolemia, familial* (150), apob-related familial hypercholesterolemia, autosomal dominant* (100), defective apolipoprotein b-100 (41), familial hyperlipidemia (38), coronary artery disease (37), peripheral vascular disease (36), chylomicron retention disease (32), arteriosclerosis (31), vascular disease (30), carotid artery disease (28), hyperlipidemia, familial combined (22), lipid metabolism disorder (21), artery disease (17), hypolipoproteinemia (16), hypertriglyceridemia (14), tangier disease (13), hyperlipoproteinemia, type iii (13), xanthoma disseminatum (13), arcus senilis (13), lipoprotein glomerulopathy (13), cerebrovascular disease (12), xanthomatosis (12), norum disease (11), hyperalphalipoproteinemia (10), gallbladder disease (10), myocardial infarction (10), neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type ii (10), sitosterolemia (9), inherited metabolic disorder (9), vertebral artery insufficiency (8), hyperuricemia (8), peripheral artery disease (8), ischemic heart disease (8), hyperinsulinism (7), cardiovascular disease risk factor ) (7), avascular necrosis of the femoral head (7), lipoprotein lipase deficiency (7), coronary stenosis (6), dysbaric osteonecrosis (6), pellagra (6), familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency (6), leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 3 (6), diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent (6), fetal macrosomia (5), riboflavin deficiency (5), diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent (5), ataxia with isolated vitamin e deficiency (5), obesity (5), atherosclerosis (4), cholesterol ester storage disease (4), hypoalphalipoproteinemia (4), night blindness, congenital stationary , 1a, x-linked (4), prediabetes syndrome (4), leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type iii (3), end stage renal failure (3), heart disease (2), macular degeneration, age-related, 1 (2), acquired metabolic disease (2), glucose metabolism disease (2), hypertension, essential (1), overnutrition (1), stroke, ischemic (1)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 206.52 RPKM in Liver
Total median expression: 278.84 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -59.90128-0.468 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -72.00301-0.239 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR022176 - ApoB100_C
IPR015819 - Lipid_transp_b-sht_shell
IPR001747 - Lipid_transpt_N
IPR009454 - Lipid_transpt_open_b-sht
IPR015816 - Vitellinogen_b-sht_N
IPR015255 - Vitellinogen_open_b-sht
IPR015817 - Vitellinogen_open_b-sht_sub1
IPR015818 - Vitellinogen_open_b-sht_sub2
IPR011030 - Vitellinogen_superhlx

Pfam Domains:
PF01347 - Lipoprotein amino terminal region
PF06448 - Domain of Unknown Function (DUF1081)
PF09172 - Domain of unknown function (DUF1943)
PF12491 - Apolipoprotein B100 C terminal

SCOP Domains:
48371 - ARM repeat
48431 - Lipovitellin-phosvitin complex, superhelical domain
47676 - Conserved domain common to transcription factors TFIIS, elongin A, CRSP70
46934 - UBA-like
50685 - Barwin-like endoglucanases
56968 - Lipovitellin-phosvitin complex; beta-sheet shell regions

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P04114
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
Gene SorterGene Sorter    
 RGDEnsembl   
      
      

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005319 lipid transporter activity
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0005543 phospholipid binding
GO:0008201 heparin binding
GO:0008289 lipid binding
GO:0017127 cholesterol transporter activity
GO:0035473 lipase binding
GO:0050750 low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Biological Process:
GO:0001523 retinoid metabolic process
GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development
GO:0002224 toll-like receptor signaling pathway
GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process
GO:0006642 triglyceride mobilization
GO:0006869 lipid transport
GO:0006898 receptor-mediated endocytosis
GO:0007283 spermatogenesis
GO:0007399 nervous system development
GO:0008202 steroid metabolic process
GO:0008203 cholesterol metabolic process
GO:0009566 fertilization
GO:0009615 response to virus
GO:0009743 response to carbohydrate
GO:0009791 post-embryonic development
GO:0010033 response to organic substance
GO:0010269 response to selenium ion
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
GO:0010744 positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
GO:0010884 positive regulation of lipid storage
GO:0010886 positive regulation of cholesterol storage
GO:0016042 lipid catabolic process
GO:0019433 triglyceride catabolic process
GO:0030301 cholesterol transport
GO:0030317 flagellated sperm motility
GO:0032355 response to estradiol
GO:0032496 response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0033344 cholesterol efflux
GO:0034371 chylomicron remodeling
GO:0034374 low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
GO:0034378 chylomicron assembly
GO:0034379 very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly
GO:0034382 chylomicron remnant clearance
GO:0034383 low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
GO:0034447 very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
GO:0042157 lipoprotein metabolic process
GO:0042158 lipoprotein biosynthetic process
GO:0042159 lipoprotein catabolic process
GO:0042632 cholesterol homeostasis
GO:0042953 lipoprotein transport
GO:0043687 post-translational protein modification
GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process
GO:0045540 regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
GO:0048844 artery morphogenesis
GO:0050900 leukocyte migration
GO:0061024 membrane organization
GO:0071356 cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
GO:0071379 cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005769 early endosome
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
GO:0005790 smooth endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005829 cytosol
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0010008 endosome membrane
GO:0012506 vesicle membrane
GO:0030669 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
GO:0031904 endosome lumen
GO:0031983 vesicle lumen
GO:0034359 mature chylomicron
GO:0034360 chylomicron remnant
GO:0034361 very-low-density lipoprotein particle
GO:0034362 low-density lipoprotein particle
GO:0034363 intermediate-density lipoprotein particle
GO:0042627 chylomicron
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
GO:0043202 lysosomal lumen
GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
GO:0070971 endoplasmic reticulum exit site
GO:0071682 endocytic vesicle lumen


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  HM487065 - Homo sapiens mutant Apo B 100 mRNA, complete cds.
HW060659 - JP 2012528572-A/1: POLYNUCLEOTIDES FOR MULTIVALENT RNA INTERFERENCE, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF.
LV579495 - JP 2015192674-A/1: POLYNUCLEOTIDES FOR MULTIVALENT RNA INTERFERENCE, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF.
X04506 - Human mRNA for apolipoprotein B-100.
M15421 - Human apolipoprotein B-100 mRNA, complete cds.
M14162 - Human apolipoprotein B-100 mRNA, complete cds.
J02610 - Human apolipoprotein B-100 mRNA, complete cds.
X04714 - Human mRNA for apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100).
GU014832 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100068736; MGC:198450 apolipoprotein B precursor (APOB) gene, encodes complete protein.
AB587530 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KE0699, Homo sapiens APOB gene for apolipoprotein B, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
BC172786 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:9094272 apolipoprotein B precursor (APOB) gene, partial cds.
M17367 - Human apolipoprotein B-48 gene, partial cds.
M12413 - Human apolipoprotein B-100 mRNA, 3' end.
AB208846 - Homo sapiens mRNA for Apolipoprotein B variant protein.
M36676 - Human apolipoprotein B100 mRNA, 3' end.
M10374 - Human apolipoprotein B100 mRNA, partial cds.
JA904083 - Sequence 280 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904082 - Sequence 279 from Patent EP2550000.
JD083549 - Sequence 64573 from Patent EP1572962.
JD553915 - Sequence 534939 from Patent EP1572962.
JD557617 - Sequence 538641 from Patent EP1572962.
JD163176 - Sequence 144200 from Patent EP1572962.
BC172788 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:9094274 apolipoprotein B precursor (APOB) gene, partial cds.
JA904081 - Sequence 278 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904080 - Sequence 277 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904079 - Sequence 276 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904078 - Sequence 275 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904077 - Sequence 274 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904076 - Sequence 273 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904075 - Sequence 272 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904074 - Sequence 271 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904073 - Sequence 270 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904072 - Sequence 269 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904071 - Sequence 268 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904070 - Sequence 267 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904069 - Sequence 266 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904068 - Sequence 265 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904067 - Sequence 264 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904066 - Sequence 263 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904065 - Sequence 262 from Patent EP2550000.
M31030 - Homo sapiens apolipoprotein B 100 (APOB) mRNA, partial cds.
JA904064 - Sequence 261 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904063 - Sequence 260 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904062 - Sequence 259 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904061 - Sequence 258 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904060 - Sequence 257 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904059 - Sequence 256 from Patent EP2550000.
X03325 - Human mRNA fragment for apolipoprotein B (lambda apoB 1).
JA904058 - Sequence 255 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904057 - Sequence 254 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904056 - Sequence 253 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904055 - Sequence 252 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904054 - Sequence 251 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904053 - Sequence 250 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904051 - Sequence 248 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904050 - Sequence 247 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904049 - Sequence 246 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904048 - Sequence 245 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904047 - Sequence 244 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904046 - Sequence 243 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904045 - Sequence 242 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904044 - Sequence 241 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904043 - Sequence 240 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904042 - Sequence 239 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904041 - Sequence 238 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904040 - Sequence 237 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904039 - Sequence 236 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904038 - Sequence 235 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904037 - Sequence 234 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904036 - Sequence 233 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904035 - Sequence 232 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904034 - Sequence 231 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904033 - Sequence 230 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904032 - Sequence 229 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904031 - Sequence 228 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904030 - Sequence 227 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904029 - Sequence 226 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904028 - Sequence 225 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904027 - Sequence 224 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904026 - Sequence 223 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904025 - Sequence 222 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904024 - Sequence 221 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904023 - Sequence 220 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904022 - Sequence 219 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904021 - Sequence 218 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904020 - Sequence 217 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904019 - Sequence 216 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904018 - Sequence 215 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904017 - Sequence 214 from Patent EP2550000.
BC172787 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:9094273 apolipoprotein B precursor (APOB) gene, partial cds.
JA904016 - Sequence 213 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904015 - Sequence 212 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904014 - Sequence 211 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904013 - Sequence 210 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904012 - Sequence 209 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904011 - Sequence 208 from Patent EP2550000.
X03045 - Human mRNA fragment for apolipoprotein B.
JA904010 - Sequence 207 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904009 - Sequence 206 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904008 - Sequence 205 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904007 - Sequence 204 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904006 - Sequence 203 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904005 - Sequence 202 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904004 - Sequence 201 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904003 - Sequence 200 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904002 - Sequence 199 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904001 - Sequence 198 from Patent EP2550000.
JA904000 - Sequence 197 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903999 - Sequence 196 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903998 - Sequence 195 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903997 - Sequence 194 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903996 - Sequence 193 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903995 - Sequence 192 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903994 - Sequence 191 from Patent EP2550000.
X03324 - Human mRNA fragment for apolipoprotein B (lambda apoB 17).
JA903993 - Sequence 190 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903992 - Sequence 189 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903991 - Sequence 188 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903990 - Sequence 187 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903989 - Sequence 186 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903988 - Sequence 185 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903987 - Sequence 184 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903986 - Sequence 183 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903985 - Sequence 182 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903984 - Sequence 181 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903983 - Sequence 180 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903982 - Sequence 179 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903981 - Sequence 178 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903980 - Sequence 177 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903979 - Sequence 176 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903978 - Sequence 175 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903977 - Sequence 174 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903976 - Sequence 173 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903975 - Sequence 172 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903974 - Sequence 171 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903973 - Sequence 170 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903972 - Sequence 169 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903971 - Sequence 168 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903970 - Sequence 167 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903969 - Sequence 166 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903968 - Sequence 165 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903967 - Sequence 164 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903966 - Sequence 163 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903965 - Sequence 162 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903964 - Sequence 161 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903963 - Sequence 160 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903962 - Sequence 159 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903961 - Sequence 158 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903960 - Sequence 157 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903959 - Sequence 156 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903958 - Sequence 155 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903957 - Sequence 154 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903956 - Sequence 153 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903955 - Sequence 152 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903954 - Sequence 151 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903953 - Sequence 150 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903952 - Sequence 149 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903951 - Sequence 148 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903950 - Sequence 147 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903949 - Sequence 146 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903948 - Sequence 145 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903947 - Sequence 144 from Patent EP2550000.
M17779 - Human intestinal apolipoprotein B-48 mRNA, 3' end.
JA903946 - Sequence 143 from Patent EP2550000.
M19734 - Human apolipoprotein B-48 mRNA, 3' end.
JA903945 - Sequence 142 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903944 - Sequence 141 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903943 - Sequence 140 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903942 - Sequence 139 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903941 - Sequence 138 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903940 - Sequence 137 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903939 - Sequence 136 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903938 - Sequence 135 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903937 - Sequence 134 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903936 - Sequence 133 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903935 - Sequence 132 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903934 - Sequence 131 from Patent EP2550000.
M18471 - Human apolipoprotein B-48 mRNA, 3' end.
M18036 - Human apolipoprotein B48 mRNA, 3' end.
AJ399514 - Homo sapiens partial mRNA for apolipoprotein B (apoB gene), editing region.
AX020477 - Sequence 1 from Patent WO9935257.
JA903933 - Sequence 130 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903932 - Sequence 129 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903931 - Sequence 128 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903930 - Sequence 127 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903929 - Sequence 126 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903928 - Sequence 125 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903927 - Sequence 124 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903926 - Sequence 123 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903925 - Sequence 122 from Patent EP2550000.
X03326 - Human mRNA fragment for apolipoprotein B (lambda apoB 2).
JA903924 - Sequence 121 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903923 - Sequence 120 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903922 - Sequence 119 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903921 - Sequence 118 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903920 - Sequence 117 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903919 - Sequence 116 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903918 - Sequence 115 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903917 - Sequence 114 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903916 - Sequence 113 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903915 - Sequence 112 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903914 - Sequence 111 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903913 - Sequence 110 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903912 - Sequence 109 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903911 - Sequence 108 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903910 - Sequence 107 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903909 - Sequence 106 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903908 - Sequence 105 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903907 - Sequence 104 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903906 - Sequence 103 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903905 - Sequence 102 from Patent EP2550000.
M14081 - Human apolipoprotein B mRNA, 5' end.
JA903904 - Sequence 101 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903903 - Sequence 100 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903902 - Sequence 99 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903901 - Sequence 98 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903900 - Sequence 97 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903899 - Sequence 96 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903898 - Sequence 95 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903897 - Sequence 94 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903896 - Sequence 93 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903895 - Sequence 92 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903894 - Sequence 91 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903893 - Sequence 90 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903892 - Sequence 89 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903891 - Sequence 88 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903890 - Sequence 87 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903889 - Sequence 86 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903888 - Sequence 85 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903887 - Sequence 84 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903886 - Sequence 83 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903885 - Sequence 82 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903884 - Sequence 81 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903883 - Sequence 80 from Patent EP2550000.
BC172785 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:9094271 apolipoprotein B precursor (APOB) gene, partial cds.
JA903882 - Sequence 79 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903881 - Sequence 78 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903880 - Sequence 77 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903879 - Sequence 76 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903878 - Sequence 75 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903877 - Sequence 74 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903876 - Sequence 73 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903875 - Sequence 72 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903874 - Sequence 71 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903872 - Sequence 69 from Patent EP2550000.
AK290844 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ77094 partial cds, highly similar to Homo sapiens apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen) (APOB), mRNA.
JA903871 - Sequence 68 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903870 - Sequence 67 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903869 - Sequence 66 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903868 - Sequence 65 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903867 - Sequence 64 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903866 - Sequence 63 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903865 - Sequence 62 from Patent EP2550000.
M12480 - Human apolipoprotein B-100 mRNA, partial cds.
JA903864 - Sequence 61 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903863 - Sequence 60 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903862 - Sequence 59 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903861 - Sequence 58 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903860 - Sequence 57 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903859 - Sequence 56 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903858 - Sequence 55 from Patent EP2550000.
K03175 - Human apolipoprotein B mRNA, partial cds.
JA903857 - Sequence 54 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903856 - Sequence 53 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903855 - Sequence 52 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903854 - Sequence 51 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903853 - Sequence 50 from Patent EP2550000.
BC051278 - Homo sapiens apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen), mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:6270815), complete cds.
JA903852 - Sequence 49 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903851 - Sequence 48 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903850 - Sequence 47 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903846 - Sequence 43 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903845 - Sequence 42 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903844 - Sequence 41 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903840 - Sequence 37 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903839 - Sequence 36 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903838 - Sequence 35 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903837 - Sequence 34 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903836 - Sequence 33 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903835 - Sequence 32 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903834 - Sequence 31 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903833 - Sequence 30 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903832 - Sequence 29 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903831 - Sequence 28 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903830 - Sequence 27 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903829 - Sequence 26 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903828 - Sequence 25 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903827 - Sequence 24 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903826 - Sequence 23 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903825 - Sequence 22 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903824 - Sequence 21 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903823 - Sequence 20 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903822 - Sequence 19 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903821 - Sequence 18 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903820 - Sequence 17 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903819 - Sequence 16 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903818 - Sequence 15 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903817 - Sequence 14 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903816 - Sequence 13 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903815 - Sequence 12 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903814 - Sequence 11 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903813 - Sequence 10 from Patent EP2550000.
M12681 - Human apolipoprotein B-100 mRNA, 5' end.
JA903812 - Sequence 9 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903811 - Sequence 8 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903810 - Sequence 7 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903809 - Sequence 6 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903808 - Sequence 5 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903807 - Sequence 4 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903805 - Sequence 2 from Patent EP2550000.
JA903804 - Sequence 1 from Patent EP2550000.
JD458108 - Sequence 439132 from Patent EP1572962.
JD455401 - Sequence 436425 from Patent EP1572962.
JD179551 - Sequence 160575 from Patent EP1572962.
JD456933 - Sequence 437957 from Patent EP1572962.
JD234404 - Sequence 215428 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P04114 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-174786 ApoB-48 + 40 triacylglycerol + 60 phospholipid => ApoB-48:TG:PL complex
R-HSA-8866329 MTTP lipidates APOB-100, forming a pre-VLDL
R-HSA-171122 LDL + LDLR => LDL:LDLR complex
R-HSA-176879 apolipoprotein(a) + LDL => Lp(a)
R-HSA-203130 OLR1 binds to oxidized LDL
R-HSA-266350 CETP-mediated lipid exchange: LDL gains cholesterol ester
R-HSA-432121 LDL binds to LRP8
R-MMU-8933256 Lsr trimer binds LDL
R-HSA-8933258 LSR trimer binds LDL
R-HSA-8866321 VLDL binds APOC1 and APOC4
R-HSA-171106 LDLR:LDL complex => LDLR + LDL
R-HSA-174741 ApoB-48:TG:PL complex + 100 triacylglycerols + ApoA-I + ApoA-IV => nascent chylomicron
R-HSA-8866304 pre-VLDL binds lipids to form VLDL
R-HSA-8865667 LIPA hydrolyses sterol esters to sterols and fatty acids
R-HSA-8948034 FGR binds LDL:LRP8
R-HSA-2197646 SCARB1 (SR-BI, CLA-1) binds ligands
R-HSA-8854408 APOBR dimer binds VLDLs
R-HSA-8854462 VLDLR binds VLDL
R-HSA-8933292 LSR trimer binds VLDL
R-MMU-8933295 Lsr trimer binds VLDL
R-HSA-171141 LDL:LDLR complex [plasma membrane] => LDL:LDLR complex [clathrin-coated vesicle] (LDLRAP1-independent)
R-HSA-8863471 LDLR is bound by DAB2 and ARH
R-HSA-171059 LDLR:LDL complex [coated vesicle membrane] => LDLR:LDL complex [endosome membrane]
R-HSA-174587 nascent chylomicron [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] => nascent chylomicron [extracellular]
R-HSA-174757 chylomicron => TG-depleted chylomicron + 50 long-chain fatty acids + 50 diacylglycerols
R-HSA-174660 nascent chylomicron + spherical HDL:apoC-II:apoC-III:apoE =>spherical HDL + chylomicron
R-HSA-174690 TG-depleted chylomicron + spherical HDL => chylomicron remnant + spherical HDL:apoA-I:apoA-II:apoA-IV:apoC-II:apoC-III
R-HSA-174739 chylomicron remnant + apoE => chylomicron remnant:apoE complex
R-HSA-2395784 Nascent CMs transform into mature CMs
R-HSA-2187332 Cytosolic CMs translocate to extracellular region
R-HSA-2395768 LPL hydrolyses TGs from mature CMs
R-HSA-8869667 oxLDL:CD36 binds TLR4:TLR6
R-HSA-2173778 MSR1 (SCARA1, SR-A) binds ligands
R-HSA-2187264 Platelet glycoprotein IV (CD36) binds ligands
R-HSA-2187261 COLEC12 (SCARA4) binds ligands
R-HSA-2197645 SCARF1 (SREC-I) binds ligands
R-HSA-2203479 STAB2 (FEEL-2) binds ligands
R-HSA-2197770 STAB1 (FEEL-1) binds ligands
R-HSA-2395764 atREs binds to nascent CM
R-HSA-2404140 NREH hydrolyses atREs to atROL and FAs
R-HSA-2429643 NREH hydrolyses atREs (HSPG:apoE) to atROL and FAs
R-HSA-8952289 FAM20C phosphorylates FAM20C substrates
R-HSA-432129 FGR binds and phosphorylates LRP8
R-HSA-174624 chylomicron remnant:apoE:LDLR complex => chylomicron remnant:apoE + LDLR
R-HSA-174657 chylomicron remnant:apoE complex + LDLR => chylomicron remnant:apoE:LDLR complex
R-HSA-2423785 CR:atREs binds apoE and HSPG
R-HSA-2424254 LDLR transports extracellular CR:atREs to cytosol
R-HSA-8867756 CLASP proteins and cargo are recruited to the nascent clathrin-coated pit
R-HSA-174706 chylomicron remnant:apoE:LDLR complex [plasma membrane] => chylomicron remnant:apoE:LDLR complex [clathrin-coated vesicle] (LDLRAP1-dependent)
R-HSA-174808 chylomicron remnant:apoE:LDLR complex [coated vesicle membrane] => chylomicron remnant:apoE:LDLR complex [endosome membrane]
R-HSA-2404131 LRPs transport extracellular CR:atREs:HSPG:apoE to cytosol
R-HSA-8868071 Clathrin recruits PIK3C2A
R-HSA-8868661 Dynamin-mediated GTP hydrolysis promotes vesicle scission
R-HSA-8868648 SYNJ hydrolyze PI(4,5)P2 to PI(4)P
R-HSA-8871194 RAB5 and GAPVD1 bind AP-2
R-HSA-8868658 HSPA8-mediated ATP hydrolysis promotes vesicle uncoating
R-HSA-8868659 Clathrin recruits auxilins to the clathrin-coated vesicle
R-HSA-8868660 Auxilin recruits HSPA8:ATP to the clathrin-coated vesicle
R-HSA-8867754 F- and N- BAR domain proteins bind the clathrin-coated pit
R-HSA-8868230 SNX9 recruits components of the actin polymerizing machinery
R-HSA-8868072 Clathrin-associated PIK3C2A phosphorylates PI(4)P to PI(3,4)P2
R-HSA-8868236 BAR domain proteins recruit dynamin
R-HSA-8868651 Endophilins recruit synaptojanins to the clathrin-coated pit
R-HSA-8963888 Chylomicron assembly
R-HSA-8866423 VLDL assembly
R-HSA-8964038 LDL clearance
R-HSA-8964041 LDL remodeling
R-HSA-202733 Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall
R-HSA-432142 Platelet sensitization by LDL
R-HSA-8963898 Plasma lipoprotein assembly
R-HSA-3000471 Scavenging by Class B Receptors
R-HSA-8964043 Plasma lipoprotein clearance
R-HSA-8963899 Plasma lipoprotein remodeling
R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis
R-HSA-418346 Platelet homeostasis
R-HSA-8964046 VLDL clearance
R-HSA-8856825 Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis
R-HSA-174824 Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance
R-HSA-8963901 Chylomicron remodeling
R-HSA-975634 Retinoid metabolism and transport
R-HSA-5686938 Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand
R-HSA-3000480 Scavenging by Class A Receptors
R-HSA-3000484 Scavenging by Class F Receptors
R-HSA-3000497 Scavenging by Class H Receptors
R-HSA-381426 Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
R-HSA-8957275 Post-translational protein phosphorylation
R-HSA-2173782 Binding and Uptake of Ligands by Scavenger Receptors
R-HSA-8856828 Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules
R-HSA-8964026 Chylomicron clearance
R-HSA-2187338 Visual phototransduction
R-HSA-6806667 Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins
R-HSA-168898 Toll-Like Receptors Cascades
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-597592 Post-translational protein modification
R-HSA-5653656 Vesicle-mediated transport
R-HSA-199991 Membrane Trafficking
R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-196854 Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors
R-HSA-168249 Innate Immune System
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism
R-HSA-168256 Immune System
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: APOB_HUMAN, ENST00000233242.1, ENST00000233242.2, ENST00000233242.3, ENST00000233242.4, NM_000384, O00502, P04114, P78479, P78480, P78481, Q13779, Q13785, Q13786, Q13787, Q13788, Q4ZG63, Q53QC8, Q7Z600, Q9UMN0, uc317dwu.1, uc317dwu.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000233242.5_7
RefSeq Accession: NM_000384.3
Protein: P04114 (aka APOB_HUMAN or APB_HUMAN)

-  GeneReviews for This Gene
  GeneReviews article(s) related to gene APOB:
apob-hbl (APOB-Related Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia)
hyperchol (Familial Hypercholesterolemia)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.