ID:DSRAD_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase; Short=DRADA; EC=3.5.4.-; AltName: Full=136 kDa double-stranded RNA-binding protein; Short=p136; AltName: Full=Interferon-inducible protein 4; Short=IFI-4; AltName: Full=K88DSRBP; FUNCTION: Converts multiple adenosines to inosines and creates I/U mismatched base pairs in double-helical RNA substrates without apparent sequence specificity. Has been found to modify more frequently adenosines in AU-rich regions, probably due to the relative ease of melting A/U base pairs as compared to G/C pairs. Functions to modify viral RNA genomes and may be responsible for hypermutation of certain negative-stranded viruses. Edits the messenger RNAs for glutamate receptor (GLUR) subunits by site- selective adenosine deamination. Produces low-level editing at the GLUR-B Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Binds to short interfering RNAs (siRNA) without editing them and suppresses siRNA-mediated RNA interference. Binds to ILF3/NF90 and up-regulates ILF3-mediated gene expression. SUBUNIT: Homodimer. Isoform 1 interacts with ILF2/NF45 and ILF3/NF90. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 1: Cytoplasm. Note=Found predominantly in cytoplasm but appears to shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Isoform 5: Nucleus, nucleolus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitously expressed, highest levels were found in brain and lung. INDUCTION: Isoform 1 is induced by interferon alpha. Isoform 5 is constitutively expressed. PTM: Sumoylation reduces RNA-editing activity. DISEASE: Defects in ADAR are a cause of dyschromatosis symmetrical hereditaria (DSH) [MIM:127400]; also known as reticulate acropigmentation of Dohi. DSH is a pigmentary genodermatosis of autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules distributed on the dorsal parts of the hands and feet. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 A to I editase domain. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 DRADA repeats. SIMILARITY: Contains 3 DRBM (double-stranded RNA-binding) domains. CAUTION: The N-terminus of isoform 4 has been derived from EST and genomic sequences. SEQUENCE CAUTION: Sequence=CAE45853.1; Type=Erroneous termination; Positions=1227; Note=Translated as stop;
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P55265
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Biological Process: GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development GO:0002244 hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation GO:0002376 immune system process GO:0002566 somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation GO:0006382 adenosine to inosine editing GO:0006396 RNA processing GO:0006397 mRNA processing GO:0006606 protein import into nucleus GO:0006611 protein export from nucleus GO:0009615 response to virus GO:0016553 base conversion or substitution editing GO:0030218 erythrocyte differentiation GO:0031047 gene silencing by RNA GO:0031054 pre-miRNA processing GO:0035196 production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA GO:0035280 miRNA loading onto RISC involved in gene silencing by miRNA GO:0035455 response to interferon-alpha GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process GO:0044387 negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation GO:0045070 positive regulation of viral genome replication GO:0045071 negative regulation of viral genome replication GO:0045087 innate immune response GO:0051607 defense response to virus GO:0060216 definitive hemopoiesis GO:0060337 type I interferon signaling pathway GO:0060339 negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway GO:0061484 hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis GO:0098586 cellular response to virus GO:1900369 negative regulation of RNA interference
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
